Individualism

Democratic freedom

Reciprocity

Communal solidarity 

To communicate with ancestors and the spiritual world 

To confuse outsiders

To avoid rituals

Only in worship songs

Promoting dishonesty

Confusing children

"I think, therefore I am."

"I am because we are."

 "Everyone for

themselves."

 "Survival of the

fittest."

A greeting

A proverb 

A command

A riddle

Giving only to family

Sharing

food and resources without expecting returns

Lending money with high interest

Donating to a cause for recognition

Separation between generations

Self-centered independence

Strong interdependence and cooperation 

Individual competition

The use of informal slang

Speaking only your mother tongue

Silence is superior

Language is dangerous

Only elders should speak

Language builds identity and existence. 

Encouraging isolation

Ignoring individual needs

Promoting community-based support and mentorship

Discouraging collective action