Michael Porter

Peter Drucker

Philip Kotler

Sunil Chopra

Blame should always go to management

Only machines cause problems

Process-oriented approach focuses on improving the system, not punishing individuals

Workers are never at fault

Revenue – Overhead Cost = Margin

Value Created and Captured – Cost of Creating Value = Margin

Cost of Production – Revenue = Margin

Revenue – Profit = Margin

Reducing batch sizes to the smallest possible quantity.

Building quality into the process by allowing machines or workers to stop the line when a defect is detected.

Automating every process to replace human workers.

Visual management using Kanban cards. 

Road

Rail

Air

Ropeway

Increased inventory cost

Reduced waste and increased customer satisfaction

Increased overproduction

Decreased product customization

Combining multiple modes for flexibility and efficiency

Avoiding the use of containers

Using only one transport type

Limiting cargo movement

Third Party Logistics

Third-Level Procurement

Three-Phase Logistics

Third Product Line