Speaking without any gestures

Using a monotone voice

Engaging the audience and using clear articulation

Avoiding pauses completely

Facial expressions

Tone of voice

Eye contact

Written text

A phone call

A handshake

A thumbs-up gesture

A smile

A smile

A smile

Providing evidence and demonstrating expertise

Speaking quickly to sound confident

Using complex language to sound intelligent

Ignoring audience questions

Prepare, practice, and take deep breaths

Read directly from your notes without looking up

Speak as quickly as possible to finish early

Avoid eye contact with the audience

Body posture

Gestures

Facial expressions

Tone, pitch, and speed of speech

Emotional bias

Language differences

Clear pronunciation

Noise interference

Giving full attention, understanding, and responding appropriately

 Interrupting to correct the speaker

Nodding without actually paying attention

Thinking about what you will say next

Transactional model

Interactive model

Shannon-Weaver model

Linear model