The $ will try to start math mode and fail.

Nothing is wrong. The dollar sign $ is used for both math mode and for currency.

The .00 will cause a math error.

This is wrong. You must write \$10.00 to get a literal dollar sign.

It centers the caption text ("A nice plot.").

It centers the figure on the page vertically.

The \includegraphics that comes after it, relative to the figure environment or text column.

It centers all text in the entire document.

No command sets the height; only the width is set (the height scales automatically).

[h]

\includegraphics

[height=0.5\textheight]

Because \label must always be the last command in an environment.

To link the label to the image (mesh) instead of the caption.

To ensure \ref refers to the figure's number. If placed before, it might refer to the section number.

It's just a style choice; the order doesn't matter.

The answer is \math{5}.

The answer is 5.

The answer is $5$.

\item The answer is 5.

\label and \pageref

\caption and \ref

\includegraphics and \caption

\usepackage and \includegraphics

\centering

\begin{center}

\align{center}

\center

No, it only shows the syntax for inline math mode ($...$).

Yes, it's the \begin{display} environment.

Yes, it shows .