“She felt anxious because her supervisor was overly critical.”

“The system is outdated.”

“The proposal is innovative and well-structured.”

“The results are impressive.”

“They felt relieved after the results.”

“He is incompetent.”

“He missed every deadline and ignored client feedback.”

“She is very kind.”

Appreciation

Judgement

Affect

Engagement

Appreciation

Judgement

Affect

Engagement

“She felt disappointed after the meeting.”

“He is dishonest in his dealings.”

“They were nervous before the presentation.”

“The product is useless in real-world conditions.”

Annotation

Mark-up

Tokenization 

Human behaviour

Things, processes, or phenomena

Speaker certainty

Emotional states

“He is dishonest.”

“The film was stunning.”

“She felt anxious.”

“The design is elegant.”

Data collection

Text mining

Text analytics

NLP preprocessing

Enable computers to understand and process natural language

Store large datasets

Replace human language

Teach humans programming