Which of the following steps in G protein-coupled receptor signalling pathways directly give rise to amplification of the signal?

Question

Which of the following steps in G protein-coupled receptor signalling pathways directly give rise to  amplification  of the signal?

Answer

The Gα subunit, bound to the receptor, exchanges GDP for GTP

Answer

Protein kinase A (PKA), bound to cAMP, catalyses phosphorylation of various cellular proteins

Answer

Adenylyl cyclase, bound to Gα.GTP, catalyses conversion of ATP to cAMP

Answer

cAMP is hydrolysed to 5'-AMP

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