The article explains that in wealthier areas with reliable water, people feel more confident reporting illegal mafia activity. But in poorer areas, people are afraid to report. According to deterrence theory, what does this tell us about the punishment of mafias operating in poorer areas?

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That mafias avoid operating in wealthy areas because the contracts are smaller.

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That the certainty of punishment is equally low in both rich and poor areas.

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That poorer areas have stronger community oversight, which deters the mafias.

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That reporting rates do not matter because the police investigate independently.

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That the certainty of punishment is lower in poor communities because residents are too afraid to report, so crimes go undetected and unpunished.

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The article explains that in wealthier areas with reliable water, people feel mo...

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