What is the main reason the council cannot conclude from Output 1.1 that high pollution causes asthma surges?

Question

What is the main reason the council cannot conclude from Output 1.1 that high pollution  causes  asthma surges?

Answer

Surge days were defined using a threshold, so surge cannot be linked to any other variable.

Answer

Only 240 days were recorded, which is too few days to estimate any conditional probability.

Answer

Days were not randomly assigned a pollution level, so weather or season may affect both.

Answer

The sensors measure PM2.5 with error, so the flags cannot say anything about hospital visits.

Answer

Conditional probabilities can only describe relationships that researchers have randomised.

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