In the following paragraph, please fill in the blanks with one of the terms in the following list, which are separated by commas.  Please note, the terms must be spelled exactly as shown, no punctuation marks or plural words are permitted, uppercase letters must not be used, you cannot use any word that is not listed.  The same word may be used more than once or not at all.

Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, blood air threshold, blood oxygen threshold, decreasing, dive gas threshold, dive lactate threshold, heart rate, high, increasing, less than, low, metabolic rate, more than, oxidising, oxidative phosphorylation, oxygen, remaining constant, respiratory rate, water

The following graph shows the amount of gaseous oxygen in arterial blood, venous blood and alveoli of Emperor penguins undergoing a breath-hold dive.

During region 1, the penguin is/are existing oxygen supplies within their circulatory system, while you would expect the blood lactate levels are by an order of 0.5 mmol/litre/min.  This continues for about 5-6 minutes when the is reached, when the penguin takes on more when entering region 2.  During region 2, you can see blood lactate levels is/are by 0.5 mmol/litre/min for the remainder of the dive.  During region 2, you would expect blood oxygen levels to remain quite .  This same phenomenon was observed during the workshop, when the presenter’s dropped while holding his head underwater.