Edge effects are often

viewed as harmful because they can lead to higher mortality rates for interior

species, increase vulnerability to predators

edges are characterized by

higher levels of solar radiation and wind than the forest core, resulting in

warmer, drier air and soil with greater fluctuations of temperature and

moisture than the forest core

Edge effect- changes in

population or community structures, such as increased biodiversity or altered

species composition, that occur at the boundary of two or more habitats

The boundary of two or more

habitats, called ecotones, often experiences distinct microclimates

Edge effects or the edge

area does not facilitate the invasive species more than the inner forest area