Cyclosporin A (CyA) was formulated using a combination of Span 80, Tween 80, and...
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Cyclosporin A (CyA) was formulated using a combination of Span 80, Tween 80, and Cremophor RH 40 to spontaneously form a nanoemulsion upon mixing with water (25 nm particle size). This formulation achieved high bioavailability for CyA. How does this nanoemulsion primarily achieve stability compared to a thermodynamically stable microemulsion?
a) By achieving an extremely low interfacial tension through specific surfactant ratios, making it thermodynamically stable like a microemulsion.b) By relying solely on high zeta potential (> |30mV|) created by the phospholipid component for strong electrostatic repulsion.c) Through kinetic stability provided by a robust interfacial film formed by surfactants that significantly slows down Ostwald ripening and coalescence, despite being thermodynamically unstable.d) By using only high-energy preparation methods, which inherently create thermodynamically stable systems regardless of surfactant choice.
Choose only one statement with justification and explain why the other statements would not be appropriate (give one reason).
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