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its inner layer contains osteogenic cells important for eventual healing.

is lining the inner surface of bone cavities.

its outer layer projects bundles of Sharpey collagen fibres into the bone surface.

is significantly thinner than endosteum.

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is involved in the nutrition and possible regeneration of bone tissue.

is formed by a single layer of osteoprogenitor cells.

is thinner than the periosteum.

consists of bundles of collagen fibres - Sharpey fibres.

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Intramembranous (membranous) ossification

its ossification centres originate as calcified cartilage matrix.

occurs in the mesenchymal blastema.

its osteoblasts differentiate from mesenchymal cells.

its ossification takes place within the fibrous cartilage.

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belongs (together with connective tissue proper and bone) among connective tissues.

retains abundant blood vessels after the end of growth and thus good conditions for regeneration.

forms the major part of the fetal skeleton.

has an extracellular matrix, the organic part of which is rich in glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans.

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Which statement/s is/are

correct about cartilage?

The frontal bone (os frontale) in the fetus is formed by hyaline type cartilage.

Part of the wall of the Eustachian tube (tuba auditiva) is reinforced with elastic cartilage.

Isogenous groups are daughter cells resulting from mitosis of the parent chondroblast.

Macroscopically, hyaline cartilage is whitish to bluish, while elastic cartilage is yellowish.

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Hyaline cartilage

forms joint cartilage.

has matrix that is microscopically glassy homogeneous, because it does not contain a fibrous component of the extracellular matrix.

forms the epiphyseal growth cartilage of long bones.

contains type II collagen.

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Elastic cartilage

forms cuneiform cartilage (cartilago cuneiformis).

has no perichondrium, unlike hyaline cartilage.

contains branching fibres stained with orcein.

forms fontanelles between the bones of the skull of the newborn.

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Which statement/s is/are correct about the hyaline cartilage?

It is flexible due to the binding of water to negatively charged glycosaminoglycan chains.

In this type of cartilage, the chondrocytes do not form isogenous groups.

Chondronectin determines the binding of chondrocytes to the collagen of the extracellular matrix.

The territorial matrix around the chondrocytes is more basophilic than the surrounding matrix.

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Which statement/s is/are correct about cartilage?

It contains chondroblasts but no chondrocytes.

In humans, we find three basic types of cartilage.

Its hydration depends on polyanionic glycosaminoglycan chains.

The cartilage cells are in matrix cavities called lacuna.

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Fibrous cartilage

forms lamellae in the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral discs.

forms the pubic symphysis.

has a very thick, usually multilayered perichondrium.

contains abundant type I collagen fibres.

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