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The scientists suggest using phage therapy (using bacteriophages) to target the bacterial infection. Compared to chemical pesticides, phages only specifically attack the targeted bacterial species, leaving other cells unharmed. Unlike chemical pesticides, phages are biodegradable and do not accumulate in the environment.
The key to the phage attacking the bacteria is it's specific recognition of the bacteria via the receptor.
Considering that there are proteins involved in this reaction, suggest atleast 2 intermolecular forces that help the phage bind to the bacteria.
The scientists find out that the microorganism is a bacteria and the following structure shows a single cell and a cross section of an organelle. Can you explain the connection of how the organelle shown here, helps this bacteria?
Farmers are protesting in Punjab due to crop infestation in their tomato farms. The government has taken a measure and framed a policy for not allowing use of certain chemical pesticides to protect the environment and health. The farmers feel as a result of this their crops are suffering infestation and leading to losses. The government has approached your research institute to understand and find a solution to the problem.
A team of scientists starts looking at the problem.
The researchers first understand which fertilizers are being used by farmers and make sure that it's not the cause of the problem. The fertilizers used contain the elements phosphorous (P) and nitrogen (N).
Looking at the plant cell structure below, name two parts of the cell where phosphorous and nitrogen will be used most.
The scientists find out over studies that it's not the fertilizers, but rather a microorganism that is infecting the tomato plant causing withering and spots. The mircroorganism is using the following structure in plants and leading to production of glucose molecules from this.
Can you explain what is the possible mechanism of action by which plants are suffering due to this microorganism?
The research team is investigating which specific biomolecule in the bacteria is chiefly responsible for causing the disease. They aim to identify it using a combination of radiolabelling, chemical assays, and cell fractionation.
The following experimental results are obtained:
Radiolabelling Experiments:
•The biomolecule
is labelled
when
bacteria are grown in a medium containing ¹⁵N (nitrogen-15).
•No
labelling is
observed when bacteria are grown with ³²P (phosphorus-32).
Chemical Assays:
•It shows
high
catalytic activity
when tested for a specific biochemical reaction.
Cell Fractionation:
•The biomolecule
is primarily found in the cytoplasmic fraction
after ultracentrifugation.
(i) Based on these observations, one of the research member initially thinks
it’s a ribozyme. Can you give one reason for this hunch, and one way to falsify
this? ( 1 mark)
(ii) Can you suggest which molecule it likely is, and suggest one more test/experiment that could help confirm the nature of the molecule? (1 mark)Koliku struju pokazuje ampermetar sa slike?
Za šemu sa slike 1 poznato je , , . Potrebno je izmjeriti struju kroz otpornik i napon na otporniku . Koliko instrumenata je ispravno spojeno da mjeri tražene veličine?
Povezati instrumente sa njihovim imenima.
7. Izračunati površinski integral , ako je spoljna strana sfere
Izračunati površinu oblasti , koja je ograničena krivom