twisted pair

optical fiber

TCP/IP

UTP

packet

data link

transport layer

They thought it would make them  prosperous and help them recover after the war effort.

They believed it was dangerous and that the government was trying to reduce cost after the war.

They believed  infectious bacterial disease had been conquered.

5 см

6 см

10 см

They had to choose patients and took urine samples to select the fittest patients.

They found a way to lower the dose that was administered to patients and that way they saved many more people than they had expected.

They collected urine from the patients who  had received penicillin and re-administered it to other  patients.

hybrid TCP/IP-OSI standards architecture

UTP links

optical fiber

OSI application standards