These pictures represent various concrete surface profiles (CSP) after specific machining operations. We assume that the scale is the same for the four images. The viewing windows are 8 x 4 microns (width x height).

Please assign the best illustrative image among the four above to the following descriptions: (a given picture might be assigned multiple times; only one possibility per description)

Let us consider a beam of fixed length with square cross-section of area . It is loaded at its tip with a point force . What is the ratio to optimize in order to minimize the mass and achieve the maximum strength in bending?

Reminder. Elementary equations for uniform rectangular beams subjected to bending:

• Bending moment:
• Section modulus of rectangular beam of width and height :

Select the most accurate statement that best describe the Ashby method.