Centralized management with no local involvement

Government-only regulation with no community input

Community-based management approaches

Private sector-exclusive management

Reducing collaboration among local stakeholders

Maximizing tourism revenues without oversight

Encouraging mass tourism through unregulated development

Evaluating the potential ecological effects of proposed tourism projects before implementation

Preserving cultural practices and fostering a sense of ownership

Minimizing local involvement in decision-making processes

Lowering the cost of tourism development

Promoting only international corporate interests

Empowering indigenous groups to lead tourism efforts

Centralized decision-making by international tourism boards

Promoting single-use plastic products for tourists

Ignoring traditional knowledge to focus solely on profit

Using electric vehicles, biking, or walking for local tours

Promoting only international air travel

Eliminating all travel options except buses

Ignoring carbon emissions in ecotourism planning