A smart water meter correctly records 12 m³ of consumption, but an attacker changes the value to 120 m³ while it travels to the utility server. Which security objective is most directly violated?

Investigators find malware on an IoT gateway that rewrites its entire program body during successive infections. The copies may change both appearance and behavior, making straightforward signature matching unreliable. Which classification is most precise?

The owner of a smart fitness watch wants control over which personal measurements are collected, stored, and shared with third parties. Which concept most directly addresses this concern?

For a smart-meter incident, 100 meters are at risk, each representing 120 JOD of asset value. The exposure factor is 25%, and the estimated annual rate of occurrence is 3. What is the annualized loss expectancy (ALE)?

Match each design decision for a connected-device platform to the security design principle most specifically illustrated.

Match each protective technique used in an IoT deployment to the X.800 security mechanism it illustrates.

A smart-building gateway needs a device that permits or denies inbound network traffic according to defined security rules. Which is the most appropriate component?

Match each IoT maintenance task to the most appropriate network diagnostic utility.

A university IoT lab currently relies on a perimeter firewall, while one update service account can administer every device. Which redesign BEST combines least privilege, complete mediation, and layered defense?

An attacker records a legitimate unlock message sent to a connected garage door and retransmits the unchanged message later, causing the door to open without the owner’s permission. Which active attack occurred?