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Estrogen’s effect on the classical renin-angiotensin pathway is best described as:
Unpredictable
0%
Activation
0%
No effect
0%
Suppression
0%
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After acute cardiovascular events, women generally have:
Higher mortality and worse prognosis than men
✅
Lower mortality than men
❌
No data available
❌
The same prognosis as men
❌
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Salt sensitivity of blood pressure is generally:
Higher in men
❌
Not related to sex
❌
The same in both sexes
❌
Higher in women
✅
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ACE inhibitors are:
Only recommended in men
❌
Equally effective in men and women
❌
More effective in women
❌
Less effective in women for lowering CVD risk
✅
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What is the typical mechanism underlying Type I cardiotoxicity?
Pericardial inflammation
0%
Vasospasm
0%
Direct injury and loss of cardiac myocytes
0%
Myocardial dysfunction without cell death
0%
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Which immunotherapy-related complication is increasingly recognised in cardio-oncology?
Myocarditis
0%
Aortic aneurysm
0%
Mitral stenosis
0%
Patent ductus arteriosus
0%
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Which cancer therapy is classically associated with Type II cardiotoxicity?
Taxanes
0%
HER2 inhibitors (eg trastuzumab)
0%
Alkylating agents
0%
Anthracyclines (eg doxorubicin)
0%
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Which shared mechanisms are thought to underlie the connection between CVD and increased cancer risk in reverse cardio-oncology?
Genetic mutations unrelated to CVD
0%
Vitamin deficiencies
0%
Acute infections
0%
Chronic inflammation and clonal haematopoiesis
0%
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Which of the following is not a shared risk factor for both CVD and cancer?
Poor diet
❌
High fibre diet
✅
Diabetes mellitus
❌
Physical inactivity
❌
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between hypertension and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer?
Hypertension only affects cancer risk
❌
Hypertension increases the risk of CVD but not cancer
❌
Hypertension is not a risk factor for either
❌
Hypertension increases the risk of both CVD and cancer
✅
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