The use of dramatic irony makes the advert effective. The viewer knows that it is impossible to run from Johannesburg to Cape Town in four hours, but the person in the advert doesn’t know this. The advert uses dramatic irony to suggest that drinking the energy drink will make people think that they can accomplish the impossible.

The use of satire makes the advert effective. It is impossible for anyone to run from Johannesburg to Cape Town in four hours. The advert uses satire to mock anyone who believes that they can accomplish something that is so impossible.

The use of parody makes the advert effective. It is unhealthy for anyone to run from Johannesburg to Cape Town in four hours. The advert uses parody to poke fun at people who have completed a task that is so dangerous.

The use of hyperbole makes the advert effective. It is impossible for anyone to run from Johannesburg to Cape Town in four hours. The advert uses the hyperbole to suggest that drinking the energy drink will make viewers accomplish the impossible.

The arbitrary nature of life and experiences.

The cyclical nature of hope and despair.

The constraints of traditional poetic forms.

The balance between light and dark imagery.

To emphasise the city's cleanliness and vitality

To vividly convey the city's deterioration and corruption

To evoke a sense of nostalgia for the past

To create an atmosphere of joy and optimism

To convey the sudden and unpredictable nature of life's changes

To suggest that life is always calm and steady

To create a sense of monotony

To emphasise the predictability of life

The comfort of sitting quietly

The speaker's desire to be alone

The feeling of being discarded or ignored

The aging process as a natural part of life