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Prácticas de proficiencia en inglés para posgrados
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Circularity is not so much a logical fallacy but an ineptitude in arguing. It occurs when a series of premises depending on one assumption can only reach a conclusion by re-using the assumption as a proven premise. Below is an example:
(1) The New York Knicks are the best basketball team in the country.
(2) They are the best because of the shooting ability of Smith and Jones.
(3) Smith and Jones have great shooting ability since they play for the NY Knicks who, after all, are the best basketball team in the country.What can be inferred from the passage about circularity?
Finally the ad baculum (“to force”) irrelevant conclusion argues for a point by threatening its non-acceptance with use of violence.Which of the following is an example of an ad baculum irrelevant conclusion?
The ad populum fallacy of irrelevant conclusion appeals to the opinion of the many, as in the case where the question “Why do you believe that lowering taxes will help the economy?” is answered with the statement “because all taxpayers say so.”The word lowering highlighted above could best be replaced by which of the suggested words?
The ad populum fallacy of irrelevant conclusion appeals to the opinion of the many, as in the case where the question “Why do you believe that lowering taxes will help the economy?” is answered with the statement “because all taxpayers say so.”Which of the following is an example of ad populum irrelevant conclusion?
The fallacy of accident is committed when a generally true sentence is taken to be true in cases where a special factor, an “accident”, does not allow it. For instance, while it is generally accepted that airplanes are safe, it would be wrong to think that they remain safe in extreme weather conditions. The converse fallacy of accident is to generalize from cases where special factors are at play. It would be fallacious, then, to assert that simply because flight in extreme weather conditions is dangerous, it is generally dangerous.Which of the following is NOT true about the converse fallacy of accident?
The fallacy of irrelevant conclusion involves unjustifiable change of issue when it is understood that the argument cannot be concluded satisfactorily.Look at this extract from the passage. What does the writer mean?
The converse fallacy of accident is to generalize from cases where special factors are at play. It would be fallacious, then, to assert that simply because flight in extreme weather conditions is dangerous, it is generally dangerous.Look at the word it highlighted above. Click on the word or phrase in the same paragraph which it refers to.
The fallacy of accident is committed when a generally true sentence is taken to be true in cases where a special factor, an “accident”, does not allow it. For instance, while it is generally accepted that airplanes are safe, it would be wrong to think that they remain safe in extreme weather conditions. The converse fallacy of accident is to generalize from cases where special factors are at play. It would be fallacious, then, to assert that simply because flight in extreme weather conditions is dangerous, it is generally dangerous.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?