Repetitive manufacturing

Standardisation manufacturing

Re-engineering planning

Once-off manufacturing

market research forecast

Qualitative forecast

Judgmental forecast

Quantitative forecast

increased costs from reduced setup times and increased lead times

reduced costs from reduced setup times and reduced lead times

increased costs from increased setup times and increased lead times

reduced inventory levels and improved responsiveness to actual demand

increased lead times

increased complexity in production planning

moderate production costs

manufacturing, finances, human resources and warehousing.

labour, machinery, warehouse space and suppliers’ capabilities.

planning, organising, leading and controlling.

technology, marketing, suppliers’ capabilities and labour.

Machine flexibility

Operator flexibility

Process flexibility

Quick changeover

It focuses only on production scheduling and employee management

 It focuses only on increasing company sales through marketing

It deals only with customer complaints and after-sales service

It involves recognizing and managing all demand for products and services within a company

available cashflow and available human resources.

available schedule and available services.

available materials and available promises.

available machine hours and available human resource hours.

fixed production schedules

mass production

overproduction

just-in-time inventory

It reduces inventory levels

high inventory levels

continuous improvement

long production cycles