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PYC3714-25-EX10

PYC3714-25-EX10

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In

hypothesis testing, what does this sign ≠ indicate?

A non-directional, two-tailed test must be done.

The null hypothesis must be accepted.

A directional, one-tailed test must be done.

The alternative hypothesis must be accepted.

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A sociologist wants to test whether gender is associated with preferred conflict resolution style (avoidance, confrontation, compromise). Which of the following represents the correct null hypothesis for a Chi-square test of independence?

Gender predicts the likelihood of choosing a specific conflict resolution style.

There is a significant difference in mean conflict resolution scores between genders.

Conflict resolution style causes differences in gender identity.

There is no association between gender and preferred conflict resolution style.

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A researcher wants to test whether a new study technique improves exam scores. The known population mean is 70, with a population standard deviation of 12. A sample of 36 students who used the technique scored an average of 74. What is the z-score for this sample mean?

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A psychologist is interested in studying depression amongst medical students. Since she cannot test all medical school students in South Africa. What is she supposed to do?

Use descriptive statistics to summarise the entire population

Focus solely on students from two universities and generalise the results

Draw a representative sample of medical students to study

Collect a list of medical students in South Africa from all universities.

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Which of the following best describes the process of operationalising a construct in research?

Developing a theoretical framework to explain the construct

Assigning numerical values to a construct

A description that tells you how facts are related

Defining how an abstract concept will be measured or observed in practice

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A researcher wants to test whether there is a significant difference in average exam scores between students taught using Method A and those taught using Method B. Each student experiences only one method. What is the appropriate null hypothesis for an independent samples t-test?

The mean exam score for Method A is equal to the mean score for Method B.

The difference in exam scores within each student is equal to zero.

The mean exam score for Method A is greater than the mean score for Method B.

The mean exam score for Method A is less than the mean score for Method B.

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In a study examining the effect of sleep duration on academic performance, which is the independent variable?

The age of the students

The number of hours students sleep each night

The type of school the students attend

The students' academic performance scores

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There are three alternative hypotheses when drawing conclusions about a correlation coefficient. One possibility is H1: p > 0 which implies that - - - - -

The relationship is positive

a relationship that differs significantly from zero does in fact exist.

we want to establish whether a significant relationship of less than zero exists, that is, a significant negative relationship.

we want to establish whether a significant relationship of greater than zero exists, that is, a significant positive relationship.

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Why is the p-value important in hypothesis testing?

It indicates the size of the sample used in the study

It measures the strength of the correlation between variables

It shows the probability that the null hypothesis is true

It helps determine whether the observed results are statistically significant

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Which of the following symbols is used to indicate the probability of making a Type II error?

Beta or β

Cohen’s

d

Greek

letters like µ and σ

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