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PYC3714-25-EX10
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A researcher measures participants’ anxiety levels before and after a mindfulness intervention. What is the appropriate null hypothesis for a dependent samples t-test?
Use the table below and answer the question.
Row
|
Column
|
Observed frequencies (O)
|
Expected frequencies (E)
|
(O-E)
|
(O-E)2
|
(O-E)2 / E
|
1
|
1
|
5
|
4
|
1
|
1
|
0.25
|
2
|
2
|
6
|
5
|
1
|
1
|
0.2
|
1
|
3
|
6
|
8
|
-2
|
4
|
0.5
|
2
|
1
|
7
|
4
|
3
|
9
|
2.25
|
1
|
2
|
4
|
2
|
2
|
4
|
2
|
2
|
3
|
3
|
6
|
-3
|
9
|
1.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X2p =
|
What will be your
Imagine a researcher interested in establishing whether religious people differ in illusory pattern perceptions from non-religious people (i.e., religion would be the independent variable). Illusionary pattern perception was measured on a 10-point Likert scale. On face value, the illusory pattern perception of non-religious people was, on average (M = 4.97, SD = 3.66, n = 52), lower than that of religious people (M = 5.97, SD = 2.43, n = 48). To test for mean differences in two independent groups, the researcher conducted an independent samples t-test and estimated a t- value of 4.85 with an associated p-value of p = 0.0003 and the effect size of Cohen’s d = 0.321. What does Cohen’s d tell us?
A researcher wants to know whether a new teaching method to improve psychology students’ marks improves their performance. Which statistics will be appropriate for this study?