public international law

administrative law

statutory law

constitutional law

If different fundamental rights are in competition, the Bill of Rights does not apply.

Different fundamental rights may never be in direct competition with one another.

Different fundamental rights may sometimes be in direct competition with one another.

If different fundamental rights are in competition, the court does not become involved.

judicial authority

public branch

legislative authority

executive authority

successful completion of the bar examination

successful completion of the admissions examination

membership of a professional Bar Council

legal training for at least four years

personality property

a creation of the human mind

a thing

a performance

Public law deals with relationships between the state and its citizens.

Private law deals with relationships between individuals.

Public law regulates the interests of individuals in the community.

Private law regulates the interests of individuals in the community.

civil courts and criminal courts

district courts and regional courts

courts of appeal and superior courts

lower courts and higher courts

the type of offense and the possible sentence

the type of offense and the relief sought

the amount claimed and the geographical area

the type of offense and the amount claimed

customary rules that bind the whole community.

unwritten and informal rules of human conduct.

written and formal legal rules of human conduct.

rules of human conduct with binding legal force.

The court a quo is the court that hears the case for the first time or the court in which the case starts.

In a criminal case the two factors that determine the court’s jurisdiction are the relief sought and the amount claimed.

In South Africa the courts do not have jurisdiction within a specific geographical area of the country.

In a civil case the two factors that determine the court’s jurisdiction are the possible sentence and the type of case.