Neither a criminal nor a civil case can be instituted against Peter.

A civil case can be instituted against Peter.

A criminal case can be instituted against Peter.

Both a criminal and a civil case can be instituted against Peter.

If there has been an irregularity in the court proceedings, the case can be reviewed by a higher court.

The lower courts are bound by the decisions of the higher (superior) courts.

A party who is unhappy with the decision of the court, may appeal to a higher court.

Incidental remarks by a judge of the Supreme Court of Appeal are binding on lower courts.

Sri Lanka

Russia

France

Australia

Administrative law ensures that the conduct of ministers and state bodies towards citizens are fair.

Administrative law controls the administration of the state in general through state departments and boards.

Administrative law determines how ministers and state departments should exercise their powers.

Administrative law governs the powers of the organs of the state, such as parliament and courts.

The focus of legal systems belonging to the socialist legal family is on social and economic policies.

The focus of legal systems belonging to the indigenous legal family is on the community.

Romano-Germanic law played a role in the development of legal systems belonging to the common-law legal family.

Roman law played a role in the development of the legal systems belonging to the civil-law legal family.

a codification of Roman law under guidance of Justinian

commentaries on Roman-Dutch law by de Groot and Voet

church law of the Roman-Catholic church known as canon law

a collection of Roman classical law by Roman jurists

Third-generation rights are known as blue rights, for example a right to life.

First-generation rights are civil rights that protect groups of people from the state.

Second-generation rights are rights that relate to socio-economic issues.

Red rights relate to environmental issues such as a right to unpolluted air.