Briefly describe in one or two sentences (max.) the major clinical

syndrome caused by uncomplicated Typhoidal Salmonella infection.

A 25-year-old, sexually active male, complains of dysuria and urethral

purulent discharge. He reports unprotected sexual intercourse with a female

partner 3 days ago. Gram staining of urethral exudate reveals Gram-negative

diplococci inside neutrophils.

Which is the most likely causative agent?

A 5-year-old unvaccinated child is hospitalized for symptoms and signs

in favour of bacterial meningitis. CSF culture on chocolate agar isolates

gram-negative coccobacilli after the addition of factors X and V.

What is the most appropriate action that should be taken to prevent

intra-hospital transmission of the isolated infectious agent?

A 45-year-old

man is on the 10

Which micro-organism

is the likely cause of the patient’s consolidation?

Public

health care services are asked to investigate a possible outbreak of acute

renal failure amongst young children, following reported episodes of afebrile

bloody diarrhoea. The outbreak is probably linked to a local fast food store

that sells homemade burgers.

Which microorganism

is most likely the cause of the outbreak?

A 28-year-old sailor presents to the ship’s doctor complaining of the

presence of an ulcer on the shaft of his penis. He admits to unprotected sex

whilst on shore leave. The doctor has had a few other similar cases, which were

attributed to

What best describes primary Syphilis manifestations?

Intestinal flora serves a variety of important functions for the host.

One of these functions is prevention of colonization by pathogenic bacteria.

Which infectious disease is associated with the loss of intestinal flora

functional redundancy, after the administration of antimicrobial agents?

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most urgent threats of modern

medicine. Bacteriophages play a significant role in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacterial populations.

What is the name given to this process of bacteriophage-mediated gene transfer?

A 40-year-old man is on his fourth day of vacation

in Cambodia when he suddenly develops multiple episodes of watery diarrhoea

accompanied with severe abdominal cramps and nausea. He is afebrile with no

other symptoms.  When the hotel doctor

asked him about his dietary habits in Cambodia, the patient remembered that

during his visit to Angkor Wat he consumed sausages from a nearby street

vendor.

Which infectious agent is most likely the cause of his symptoms?