Read the passage and answer the question below:

For many nomadic groups, mobility is not merely a matter of survival but a deliberate way of preserving cultural identity. Their movements often follow seasonal shifts, allowing them to access grazing lands and water sources that change throughout the year. However, in recent decades, expanding cities and stricter national borders have limited their freedom to move. Some governments encourage nomads to settle permanently, arguing that this will improve access to education and healthcare. Yet such policies often overlook the sophisticated knowledge systems nomads have developed—knowledge that enables them to thrive in environments where settled communities might struggle.

 Question (10) : The phrase settled communities refers to:

Read the passage and answer the question below:

For many nomadic groups, mobility is not merely a matter of survival but a deliberate way of preserving cultural identity. Their movements often follow seasonal shifts, allowing them to access grazing lands and water sources that change throughout the year. However, in recent decades, expanding cities and stricter national borders have limited their freedom to move. Some governments encourage nomads to settle permanently, arguing that this will improve access to education and healthcare. Yet such policies often overlook the sophisticated knowledge systems nomads have developed—knowledge that enables them to thrive in environments where settled communities might struggle.

Question (9): The word mobility in the passage is closest in meaning to:

Read the passage  and answer the question below:

For many nomadic groups, mobility is not merely a matter of survival but a deliberate way of preserving cultural identity. Their movements often follow seasonal shifts, allowing them to access grazing lands and water sources that change throughout the year. However, in recent decades, expanding cities and stricter national borders have limited their freedom to move. Some governments encourage nomads to settle permanently, arguing that this will improve access to education and healthcare. Yet such policies often overlook the sophisticated knowledge systems nomads have developed—knowledge that enables them to thrive in environments where settled communities might struggle.

 Question (8): What challenge do nomads face because of growing cities?

Read the passage and answer the question below:

For many nomadic groups, mobility is not merely a matter of survival but a deliberate way of preserving cultural identity. Their movements often follow seasonal shifts, allowing them to access grazing lands and water sources that change throughout the year. However, in recent decades, expanding cities and stricter national borders have limited their freedom to move. Some governments encourage nomads to settle permanently, arguing that this will improve access to education and healthcare. Yet such policies often overlook the sophisticated knowledge systems nomads have developed—knowledge that enables them to thrive in environments where settled communities might struggle.

 Question (7): According to the passage, seasonal shifts influence nomads by__________:

Read the passage and answer the question below:

For many nomadic groups, mobility is not merely a matter of survival but a deliberate way of preserving cultural identity. Their movements often follow seasonal shifts, allowing them to access grazing lands and water sources that change throughout the year. However, in recent decades, expanding cities and stricter national borders have limited their freedom to move. Some governments encourage nomads to settle permanently, arguing that this will improve access to education and healthcare. Yet such policies often overlook the sophisticated knowledge systems nomads have developed—knowledge that enables them to thrive in environments where settled communities might struggle.

 Question (6): The passage suggests nomads possess _____________:

Read the passage and answer the question below:

For many nomadic groups, mobility is not merely a matter of survival but a deliberate way of preserving cultural identity. Their movements often follow seasonal shifts, allowing them to access grazing lands and water sources that change throughout the year. However, in recent decades, expanding cities and stricter national borders have limited their freedom to move. Some governments encourage nomads to settle permanently, arguing that this will improve access to education and healthcare. Yet such policies often overlook the sophisticated knowledge systems nomads have developed—knowledge that enables them to thrive in environments where settled communities might struggle.

 Question (5): Which of the following is implied about settlement policies?

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For many nomadic groups, mobility is not merely a matter of survival but a deliberate way of preserving cultural identity. Their movements often follow seasonal shifts, allowing them to access grazing lands and water sources that change throughout the year. However, in recent decades, expanding cities and stricter national borders have limited their freedom to move. Some governments encourage nomads to settle permanently, arguing that this will improve access to education and healthcare. Yet such policies often overlook the sophisticated knowledge systems nomads have developed—knowledge that enables them to thrive in environments where settled communities might struggle.

 Question (4): What is the argument governments use to encourage nomads to settle?

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For many nomadic groups, mobility is not merely a matter of survival but a deliberate way of preserving cultural identity. Their movements often follow seasonal shifts, allowing them to access grazing lands and water sources that change throughout the year. However, in recent decades, expanding cities and stricter national borders have limited their freedom to move. Some governments encourage nomads to settle permanently, arguing that this will improve access to education and healthcare. Yet such policies often overlook the sophisticated knowledge systems nomads have developed—knowledge that enables them to thrive in environments where settled communities might struggle.

Question (3): What has limited nomads’ freedom of movement in recent decades?

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For many nomadic groups, mobility is not merely a matter of survival but a deliberate way of preserving cultural identity. Their movements often follow seasonal shifts, allowing them to access grazing lands and water sources that change throughout the year. However, in recent decades, expanding cities and stricter national borders have limited their freedom to move. Some governments encourage nomads to settle permanently, arguing that this will improve access to education and healthcare. Yet such policies often overlook the sophisticated knowledge systems nomads have developed—knowledge that enables them to thrive in environments where settled communities might struggle.

 Question (2): Why do nomads move from place to place according to the passage?

Read the passage and answer the question below:

For many nomadic groups, mobility is not merely a matter of survival but a deliberate way of preserving cultural identity. Their movements often follow seasonal shifts, allowing them to access grazing lands and water sources that change throughout the year. However, in recent decades, expanding cities and stricter national borders have limited their freedom to move. Some governments encourage nomads to settle permanently, arguing that this will improve access to education and healthcare. Yet such policies often overlook the sophisticated knowledge systems nomads have developed—knowledge that enables them to thrive in environments where settled communities might struggle.

Question (1) What is the main idea of the passage?