Terminated

Ready

Waiting

Running

To manage internet connections

To allow more data to be stored than physically available memory

To store files permanently

To control user access

It changes user permissions

It terminates a process

It closes a file

It creates a new process

Backup files

Long-term storage

Reduce memory allocation

Quick access to frequently used data

A process completes successfully

Memory is fully utilized

Resources are allocated fairly

Processes wait indefinitely for resources held by each other

File descriptors

Scheduling algorithms

Access Control

Virtual memory

The process is waiting for input

The process is being created

The process is waiting for CPU time

The process has completed execution

File Descriptor

Memory Map

System Cache

File Control Block

A single-user access component

A lightweight process

An independent process

A memory unit

Device Driver

Process Control Block (PCB)

Memory Segment

Cache