Network protocol communication

Resource access control

File compression

Direct memory access

Waits for a process

Replaces the current process image

Creates a new process

Terminates a process

Process data integrity is maintained

Multiple processes access shared resources unpredictably

One process monopolizes CPU time

Multiple processes share resources safely

Keyboard

Hard Drive

Monitor

Mouse

Stack Memory

Cache Memory

Fixed Partitioning

Virtual Memory

Priority Scheduling

Threading

Buffering

Multiprocessing

New

Ready

Waiting

Running

To directly access hardware

To optimize file management

To allow applications to request OS services

To handle only memory operations

Round-Robin Scheduling

Priority-Based Scheduling

First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)

Shortest Job Next (SJN)

They operate independently of hardware

They convert OS commands to hardware-specific instructions

They manage only network connections

They increase CPU processing speed