The Western idea that cultures are bounded, ahistorical ‘‘facts of nature.’

The scientific fact that cultures are bounded but historical.

The anthropological ideal that cultures are fluid and unbounded.

The African notion that culture is based on family and collective belonging

They shape local systems of class exploitation

Neither of these

Both of these

They serve as the basis for ethnic entrepreneurs to commodify culture in the tourist industry

They tended to dismiss or ignore them because they were more interested in salvage anthropology

They have focused their discipline on uncovering and describing human universals

They have studied the idea of the universal in general but have not focused on particular forms of universal knowledge.

They have been suspicious of them due to their focus on cultural relativism.

Universals are given in the order of things — they can be found everywhere, hence the name.

Universals become universal because they are the most logically sound ways of engaging with the world

Universals are aspirations rather than facts—their spread is based on mobilizing more and more adherents and this spread can be productively studied by anthropologists

Universals only exist on the level of abstract thought and cannot be found in particular local settings. Hence anthropologists should avoid focusing on them.

globalization is both creative and destructive but we should focus on the latter to preserve what might be lost

globalization is both creative and destructive—we must pay attention to both aspects of this process

globalization is both creative and destructive but we should focus on the former to highlight what we have gained from it

globalization is only destructive — it must be stopped

globalization is only creative — why do people complain about it so much?

There was no poem—he quoted a short story by Hemingway

William Carlos Williams

Ezra Pound

T. S. Eliot

Marianne Moore

In both his published writings and his private diary he argued that they were rational moral human beings in whose society a civilized person should be content to live.

In his published works he described them as rational moral human beings in whose society a civilized person should be content to live but in his private diary he criticized them, sometimes in shockingly racist terms

In neither his published writings nor his private diary he argued that they were rational moral human beings in whose society a civilized person should be content to live.

In his private diary he described them as rational moral human beings in whose society a civilized person should be content to live but in his published works he criticized them, sometimes in shockingly racist terms

Conrad

Proust 

Conan Doyle

They were celebrated because they confirmed Malinowski's scientific objectivity and fieldworking prowess. 

They were faulted by many anthropologists because they included misleading information about Malinowski’s fieldwork

They made little impact because Malinowski was no longer as important to the discipline of anthropology as he had once been

They caused significant disruption because they showed Malinowski to be the opposite of the objection rational scientist he had presented himself as being

Skin color isn’t a completely reliable indicator of intelligence, discipline, aggression, or personality, but it does have its uses

Skin color is a reliable and natural indicator of intelligence, discipline, aggression, or personality

It is just a historical accident that we commonly associate skin color with race — it no more meaningfully maps onto intelligence, discipline, aggression, or personality, than does the ability to roll one’s tongue

We are the only culture on the planet to treat skin color as a reliable means of distinguishing between natural groupings of people.