Because it ignores the ways in which race becomes biology— that is, the ways in which racism as a social construction can come to be be embodied in the biology of groups and individuals

Because over the years anthropology has lost the ability to comment on the social impacts of race in the contemporary world.

Because it is untrue — recent studies reveal that race does actually have racial aspects

Because it does not go far enough. Biology and the body are both social constructions too.

As the outcome of consciously racist individual actions and beliefs, a city and its institutions cannot be described as having institutionalized racism if the city or its institutions are operated by non-whites.

Not as the willful creation of racists or racist institutions, but as the cumulative effect of policies, systems and processes that may not have been designed with racism in mind, but which have the effect of disadvantaging certain racial groups.

Not as the willful creation of racists or racist institutions, but as the cumulative effect of policies, systems and processes that have been designed with racism in mind and which have the effect of disadvantaging certain racial groups.

Not as the cumulative effect of policies, systems and processes that may not have been designed with racism in mind, but which have the effect of disadvantaging certain racial groups but as the willful creation of racists or racist institutions.

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Race is a social construction and not a biological fact. Racial categories change over time but are the same across the world over. 

Racial categories vary by location but don’t change over time because they reflect the facts of biology.

Race is a social construction and not a biological fact. Racial categories vary by geographical location and time period.

Racial categories are biological facts, not social constructions. Because of this they remain the same across time and space.

The barrel model of culture consists of three layers that exist in a relationship of mutual constitution in which each shapes and is shaped by the other: beliefs and expectations, behaviors and interactions and institutions and structures. 

Polygyny is one man marrying more than one woman, polyandry is one woman marrying more than one man, polygamy is more than one woman marrying more than one man

Polygamy is a term that encompasses all plural marriages. Polygyny (one man marrying more than one woman) and polyandry (one woman marrying more than one man) are subtypes of polygamy

Polygyny is a term that encompasses all plural marriages. Polygamy (one man marrying more than one woman) and polyandry (one woman marrying more than one woman) are subtypes of polygyny

Polyandry is one man marrying more than one woman, polygyny is one woman marrying more than one man, polygamy is more than one woman marrying more than one man

To defamiliarize what we know and familiarize what we don't. In other words to make the strange familiar and make the familiar strange

To defamiliarize what we know and familiarize what we don't. In other words to make the familiar familiar and make the strange strange

To familiarize what we know and defamiliarize what we don't. In other words to make the strange familiar and make the familiar strange

Rosalind Franklin, DNA, Genetics 

Rosalind Franklin, Plate Tectonics, Geography

Marie Tharp, Plate Tectonics, Geology

Marie Tharp, DNA, Biology

Sadly, (and with great disappointment) she found that it ultimately poisoned their interactions because they no longer thought of themselves as friends but now as employees

After some initial optimism she eventually became disgusted with herself for introducing money into their relationships. This was both because of its negative impact on these relationships on the harm it did to traditional !Kung culture.

Much to her surprise (and after her initial mild disappointment) she found that it actually improved their interactions in many cases

He uses it to indicate the process by which anthropologists wake up to the reality of the phenomena they're studying

He uses it to highlight the way in which our imaginings of the world we inhabit are deeply informed by the facts of underlying reality

He uses it to indicate how the reality we inhabit is not natural but is constructed at least in part via our actions

He uses it to describe the process by which the assumptions and beliefs of the people he studied became real for him