A learned response disappears completely after extinction.

A neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus without pairing.

  A previously extinguished response suddenly reappears after a pause.

  The subject generalizes a stimulus to similar situations.

Spearman’s g

 Gardner’s multiple intelligences

Thurstone’s primary abilities

Sternberg’s triarchic theory (practical intelligence)

 High model status + attention + retention + motor reproduction + motivation

Low model status + low distinctiveness + punishment cues

High arousal + random practice + partial attention

External rewards alone with no model exposure

 Culture-fair tests erase all group gaps

 Factor analysis always finds many unrelated skills

Many different tests show small positive links with each other

Spatial tests only link to other spatial tests

 Under the pure-consciousness view, liberation (moksha/nirvana) via withdrawal is rational; under the integral view, aligning personal growth with an ongoing evolution of consciousness is primary

 Under the pure-consciousness view, flourishing comes from maximizing worldly achievements; under the integral view, withdrawal into nirvana is paramount

Under the mainstream view, meaning is inherent; under the pure-consciousness view, competition optimizes well-being

 Under the mainstream view, cultivating detachment from brain activity is central; under the integral view, hedonism is endorsed

Children showed aggressive behavior only when given a direct reward for doing so.

Children who observed an adult behaving aggressively toward the doll were more likely to imitate the aggressive actions themselves.

Children only acted aggressively toward the doll if they were physically forced to do so.

 Children did not show any difference in behavior regardless of the adult’s actions toward the doll.