Legalese persists because law depends on continuity and interpretive control.

Legal modernization removes system-bound terminology from legal translation.

Plain language makes cross-system legal equivalence largely unproblematic.

Plain language may improve readability without erasing legal precision.

Select the least misleading target-system solution available.

Compare the legal functions of source and target concepts carefully.

Choose the most familiar everyday word and reduce the legal load.

Keep the source expression unchanged and let context supply the meaning.

Translation lets different institutions act on related information.

Translation links regulation, care, and public communication.

Translation mainly preserves wording after key decisions have been made.

Translation keeps identical discourse forms stable across all domains.

Texts for academic purposes usually seek legal validity across institutions.

Textbooks and handbooks usually foreground exposition and conceptual scaffolding.

Research articles and abstracts usually suppress stance and argumentative positioning. 

Texts for research purposes often intervene in ongoing disciplinary debate.

Preserve one uniform register across all portal sections.

Decide where reformulation is needed alongside translation.

Manage legal and medical consequences across different genres.

Recalibrate discourse for both expert and lay users.

Reproduce source syntax whenever audiences differ sharply.

Keep the same sentence design across both medical genres.

Preserve passive wording in both texts for stylistic consistency.

Increase explicitness in the patient leaflet for safer understanding.

Keep greater nominal density in the research summary.

Adjust the terminology so the abstract reads more accessibly.

Rebalance hedging so the claim does not sound stronger than intended.

Expand procedural detail so the abstract resembles a full methods section.

Restore move emphasis so the contribution remains visible to readers.