Antibodies bind virus to the surface of the cell and promote phagocytosis of the cell

Antibodies bind to virus which then bind Fc receptors on CTLs to kill the virus

Antibodies bind to extracellular virus and prevent infection of cells

Antibodies bind virus to the cell surface and trigger complement-mediated lysis of the cell

They are essentially the same, and the terms are interchangeable

The TCR of an effector T cell has a higher affinity than a naïve T cell for the same peptide:MHC combination

They can both eliminate pathogens, although the effector T cell will act more quickly

They have distinct migration capabilities

Secrete IL-2 that activates the macrophages

Interact directly with infected macrophages

Recognise and kill any bacteria released from macrophages

Present antigen to the equivalent TH1 cell

TCR binding, co-stimulation and adhesion

TCR binding and adhesion

TCR binding alone

TCR binding and co-stimulation

The amount of time to reach peak antibody production is less in the secondary response

The secondary response only requires the presence of antigen specific B cells

The main antibody generated and secreted in the secondary response is IgM

The secondary response will be to a different epitope to expand the immune response

Migration towards T cell zone

Proliferation

Increased expression of MHC class II

Recombination of antigen receptor

The antibody response is generally limited to monomeric IgA

There is a strong memory B cell response

The antibody response is generally limited to IgM

Affinity maturation occurs more quickly than it does in response to T-dependent antigens

Follicular dendritic cell

T follicular helper cell

Th2 cell

Dendritic cell

The concentration of antibody produced against that antigen is greatest in the primary response, and lower, but higher affinity, in the secondary response

Secondary responses normally take longer to reach maximum activity compared to primary responses

The main isotype produced in the secondary response is not IgM

It is naïve B cells specific for that antigen that are triggered to expand in both primary and secondary response

B cells recognise and bind to antigen that is being presented to B cells via TCR

The polyvalent nature of surface TCR expression on T cells triggers the B cell response

Naïve T cells will be activated via MHC presentation by B cells

T cells will first have interacted with dendritic cells