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MCB2011 - Molecular biology and the cell - S1 2025
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The process depicted in the electron micrograph shown above is classified as:
CONTINUED...
The ecologists identify a putative protein-encoding gene ( ) in the genome of the novel organism and use Sanger sequencing to determine the gene sequence. The sequencing results are shown in the electropherogram below. Unfortunately, an error was made setting up the sequencing reaction. As a result, the reaction terminated prematurely at the ninth nucleotide.
What was likely omitted from the sequencing reaction? Be specific in your response and explain your reasoning. (2-3 sentences) (2 marks)
The ecologists successfully repeat the Sanger sequencing experiment and discover that the gene bears recognisable sequence similarity to the human actin genes (e.g. ) and codes for a protein that is similar to actin in structure and function. Select the correct statement: (1 mark)
The researcher decides to design a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to screen HCM patients for the risk allele. To determine if a patient is homozygous for the risk allele, homozygous for the reference allele, or heterozygous (i.e. carries one copy of each allele), the assay must simultaneously amplify and measure the presence of both alleles (risk and reference).
Which approach would you recommend for the assay? (1 mark)
How does the genome of the novel organism likely compare to the human genome? (1 mark)
The ecologists used a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to investigate the abundance of the novel organism in several different ecological niches including hydrothermal vents, deep-sea sediments and shallow coastal waters. The qPCR assay was performed using a primer that specifically targeted a gene carried by the novel organism.
Examine the qPCR results shown above. Which ecological niche (hydrothermal vents, deep-sea sediments, shallow coastal waters) had the highest abundance of the novel organism? Briefly explain how you reached this conclusion. (2-3 sentences) (2 marks)
What is the most likely classification of the novel organism? (1 mark)
The researcher conducted the GWAS using next-generation sequencing technology. Did the researcher conduct whole genome sequencing or whole exome sequencing? Use the information available above to justify your response. (2-3 sentences) (2 marks)
The ACTC1 gene encodes an actin protein that is only expressed in cardiomyocytes (i.e. cardiac muscle cells). The schematic below shows the histone modifications that are present in the promoter region in cardiomyocytes vs fibroblasts (i.e. skin cells).
Use the information provided above to explain why the gene is actively expressed in cardiomyocytes but not fibroblasts. (2-3 sentences) (2 marks)