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PHY2011 - Neuroscience of communication, sensory and control systems - S1 2025

PHY2011 - Neuroscience of communication, sensory and control systems - S1 2025

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To develop more force to carry out a task, we can generate more active force but not more passive force developed by a muscle.

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The active length-tension relation of skeletal muscle is characterised by an optimal length (L₀) at which

the passive tension in the resting muscle is at a maximum.

the thin filaments from either end of the sarcomere are overlapping each other.

twitch and tetanic contractions produce the same force.

a fully fused tetanic contraction produces maximum force.

the separation between adjacent Z-lines is at its maximum.

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The thick filaments in a skeletal muscle are composed of

Calmodulin

Actin

Tropomyosin

Troponin

Myosin

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All skeletal muscle activity is voluntary

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Passive force increases with muscle length.

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The active length-force relation of skeletal muscle:

explains why long muscles are capable of developing higher forces than short muscles.

is a consequence of the overlapping organization of the thick and thin filaments within sarcomeres.

arises because of the attachment of skeletal muscles to the bones of the skeleton.

ensures that skeletal muscles can develop high levels of force, irrespective of their length.

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A decrease in muscle length below resting increases active tension

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Which of the following statements about the muscle twitch is TRUE?

A muscle twitch describes a single muscle contraction.

A muscle twitch describes the contraction when the individual muscle contractions have fused smoothly.

A muscle twitch describes the optimal muscle position when active force is greatest.

A muscle twitch occurs only when the muscle contracts isometrically.

A muscle twitch occurs only when the muscle contracts isotonically.

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All of the following are involved in neuromuscular transmission EXCEPT

An influx of Ca²⁺ into the motor axon terminal.

An increase in the permeability of the motor end plate membrane to Na⁺ and K⁺.

Binding of acetylcholine to receptors on the motor end plate membrane.

Depolarisation of the the muscle membrane adjacent to the motor end plate.

Re-uptake of acetylcholine into the motor axon terminal.

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During the activation of contraction in skeletal muscle

the two actin strands of the thin filament separate so as to expose their myosin binding sites.

tropomyosin alters its position on the thin filament.

Ca²⁺ binds to tropomyosin causing it to come off the thin filament.

phosphorylation of the myosin heads activates their ATPase activity.

troponin detaches from the myosin heads to allow them to bind to actin.

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