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PHY2011 - Neuroscience of communication, sensory and control systems - S1 2025

PHY2011 - Neuroscience of communication, sensory and control systems - S1 2025

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On the right-hand or descending limb of the active length-force curve of skeletal muscle:

force falls to zero when the I band width is at its minimum.

the amount of force produced is determined by the degree of interference between opposing thin filaments.

force is directly proportional to the amount of overlap between thick and thin filaments.

tension is at a maximum when adjacent thin filaments butt up against one another.

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On the right hand or descending limb of the active force-length relationship (also known as the active length-tension curve)

Force cannot be measured accurately because of the high level of passive force.

Force is directly proportional to the amount of overlap between thick and thin filaments.

Force is at a maximum when adjacent thin filaments butt up against one another.

Force falls to zero when the I band width is at its minimum.

The amount of force produced is determined by the degree of interference between opposing thin filaments.

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A muscle twitch is

The name given to define when successive muscle contractions have summed

❌

The name given to define when successive muscle contractions have fused to produce a smooth contraction

❌

the name used to define a single muscle contraction

✅

an involuntary muscular contraction that is also called a nervous tic

❌

a voluntary muscular contraction in which the muscle contracts isometrically

❌

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Conscious control of the triceps surae is slower than the reflex response to the Achilles tendon tap because conscious control involves the brain sending input directly to the triceps surae and bypassing the spinal cord motoneurons involved in the reflex control.

True

False

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All of the following are involved in graded contractions of an entire muscle except

recruitment of motor units

summation of muscle twitches

motor units with a high motor neuron to fiber ratio are used for fine movements, motor units with a low motor neuron to fiber ratio are used for gross movements

simultaneous spatial and temporal recruitment of motor units and muscle fibres during gross movements

Contraction of only some muscle fibers within a single motor unit during a finely graded movement

✅

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The time from onset of a muscle twitch to the peak

of the response reflects the time taken for the muscle AP to travel to the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Passive force increases with muscle length.

True

False

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The patellar tendon reflex (eg knee jerk) is an example of a (1) __________ stretch reflex, whereas the flexion reflex is an example of a (2)__________ stretch reflex

1. Polysynaptic 2. Monosynaptic

1. Cranial Nerve 2. Polysynaptic

1. Cranial Nerve 2. Monosynaptic

1. Crossed extensor 2. Plantar

1. Monosynaptic 2. Polysynaptic

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Action potentials are able to sum to produce stronger action potentials which in turn induce stronger muscle contractions

True

False

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The time from onset of a muscle twitch to the peak

of the response reflects the time taken for the Ca++ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to bind to Tropomyosin.