Besides performing a procedure ie ERCP (as above), there are other less invasive imaging modalities that can be useful in visualising the biliary system. One of it being CT cholangiogram, where the contrast dye is given and CT scan was performed at specific timing to capture images as shown on the radiopaedia link https://radiopaedia.org/cases/normal-ct-intravenous-cholangiogram?lang=us. Based on the image below, how many gallstones can you visualise in the gallbladder?

There are typical constrictions of structure B. Where do these constrictions occur? Select all answers that apply

Besides performing a procedure ie ERCP (as above), there are other less invasive imaging modalities that can be useful in visualising the biliary system. One of it being CT cholangiogram, where the contrast dye is given and CT scan was performed at specific timing to capture images as shown on the radiopaedia link https://radiopaedia.org/cases/normal-ct-intravenous-cholangiogram?lang=us. Based on the image below, how many gallstones can you visualise in the gallbladder?

To which areas can an inflamed gallbladder pain refer to?

Why would you use an ultrasound to look at the gallbladder? Please select all the following advantages of an ultrasound compared to X-rays:

This is an ultrasound showing stones in the gallbladder. Can you determine how many gallstones are present?

Besides visualising the gallbladder, ultrasound is also useful for assessing organs such as liver and kidneys. Identify the following structures A-C.

What bony landmarks do the ureters sit in front of as they descend in the abdomen? What muscles are they associated with? (Try and identify this landmark on the X-ray above)

Referring to the image above, where is the kidney hilum located in relation to the vertebral level?

Based on principles of referred pain, how might inflammation of these diverticula present (diverticulitis)?