Shown below is the chemical structure of a glycosphingolipid, with several positions numbered.

When this lipid forms part of a lipid bilayer, which of the numbered positions is likely to be most exposed to water at the surface of the bilayer?

The schematic diagram below represents two vesicles, each composed of a lipid bilayer.

The inner and outer leaflets of the bilayers are represented by different colours and are numbered.

If these two vesicles were to fuse with each other, which leaflet would end up merged with leaflet 1?

The image below shows:

• (left) a region of a transmembrane protein with three different regions indicated by numbers, and;
• (right) a selection of different amino acids placed into four groups

Which group of amino acids would be more likely found in the primary sequence at position 1 of the protein?

(If you are making a judgement call between several options, select the one that is most likely.)

Shown below is a schematic diagram representing the primary structure of an integral membrane protein that traverses a cell membrane 4 times.

"N" and "C" represent the N- and C-termini of the protein.

Hydrophobic (red) and polar (blue) regions are colour coded.

When intact cells containing this protein in the membrane are treated with trypsin, the protein backbone is cleaved at the positions indicated by arrows.

Which regions of this protein are expected to protrude on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane?

Shown below is a schematic diagram of an integral membrane protein within a lipid bilayer.

Also shown are four hydropathy plots.

Which hydropathy plot is most consistent with the protein structure shown?

Which of the following fatty acids is expected to be least soluble in water?

Shown below is a schematic diagram showing a lipid membrane with several associated proteins.

Treatment with high pH buffer enables proteins E, F and G to be removed from this membrane.

Which of the protein(s) shown in the image is/are ditopic membrane protein(s)?

Shown below is the chemical structure of a glycosphingolipid, with several positions numbered.

When this lipid forms part of a lipid bilayer, which of the numbered positions is likely to be most exposed to water at the surface of the bilayer?

The schematic diagram below represents two vesicles, each composed of a lipid bilayer.

The inner and outer leaflets of the bilayers are represented by different colours and are numbered.

If these two vesicles were to fuse with each other, which leaflet would end up merged with leaflet 3?

Shown below is a schematic diagram representing the primary structure of an integral membrane protein that traverses a cell membrane 4 times.

"N" and "C" represent the N- and C-termini of the protein.

Hydrophobic (red) and polar (blue) regions are colour coded.

When intact cells containing this protein in the membrane are treated with a chemical labelling reagent, the reagent reacts with lysine residues at the positions indicated by arrows.

Which regions of this protein are expected to protrude on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane?