when sea temperatures become elevated, the high temperatures cause the ocean to acidify, stressing the coral.

when sea temperatures become elevated, algal photosynthesis generates reactive oxygen species that damage the coral cells.

in response to increased sun exposure, as UV damages and stresses the coral.

in response to increased sun exposure corals are able to photosynthesise themselves, so no longer require algae.

The sea urchin is a keystone species, the proliferation of which had a disproportionate impact on the entire kelp forest community.

The sea otter is a keystone species, the loss of which had a disproportionate impact on the entire kelp forest community.

The sea otter and sea urchin have a symbiotic relationship that was disrupted by sea otter declines, which then resulted in the decline of the kelp.

The sea otter and kelp have a symbiotic relationship that was disrupted by sea otter declines, which then resulted in the decline of the kelp.

male gametophyte.

male gamete.

male sporophyte.

female gametophyte.

Cytokinins.

Auxin.

Gibberellic acid.

Abscisic acid.

Meiosis.

Cell expansion.

Cell division.

Cell differentiation.

repression.

optimum growth pattern.

apical dominance.

primary growth.

It produces spores.

It is dependent on the sporophyte.

It is photosynthetically independent.

It is unicellular.