If a lawn culture has been correctly prepared, isolated colonies will be visible following incubation.

What is the correct procedure for discarding the specimen swab after you have prepared the lawn culture?

(Hint: Check the Disposal of Contaminated Materials section in your laboratory manual)

When streak plating you sterilise the wire loop using a Bunsen burner at different times through the procedure. Do you need to flame sterilise the specimen swab when preparing a lawn culture?

The disc diffusion method is used to determine:

When preparing a lawn culture how many applications across half the plate are required to achieve optimal coverage? (HINT: Ensure you have read the relevant information in the appendix of your laboratory manual)

Q18. How would you classify O. volvulus?

Q20. Adult O. volvulus worms have a long life span and can persist within a human host for 10+ years. The O. volvulus genome encodes virulence factors that enable the worm to evade host immune responses. For example, the ov-par-1 gene encodes a protein (Ov-PAR-1) that is displayed on the surface of adult worms and disrupts the complement cascade. Select the correct statement/s. (select all that apply)

Q19. Suggest two measure that could be used to break the cycle of transmission of O. volvulus. (2-3 sentences) (2 marks)

Q16. Biomedical researchers discover that the novel virus is able to insert its genome into the human genome. They receive a grant to develop a drug that specifically inhibits this step of the viral life cycle, without affecting normal liver cell biology. Select a specific viral protein that could be targeted and inhibited by the drug. Explain why this protein is a suitable drug target. (2-3 sentences) (2 marks)

Q15. A longitudinal study conducted by Victorian hospitals finds that patients who have previously been infected with the novel virus have increased rates of liver cancer in the years following the infection. Which mechanism would be most consistent with cancer caused by this class of virus?