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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 700(2025S1AFI700D)
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2.3
Design an AI-based control system for a smart greenhouse where:• The heater should turn ON if (Temperature is low AND Humidity is low) OR (It’s night time AND the temperature is very low).• Use predicates:1. T: Temperature is low2. H: Humidity is low3. N: Night time4. V: Temperature is very lowAnswer the following questionsI. Write a Boolean expression to represent this rule.II. Construct a complete truth table showing all combinations of T, H, N, and V and the resulting heater state.III. Discuss how this Boolean model could be extended using fuzzy logic to allow for partial truth values such as "moderately low temperature" or "somewhat humid". (20 Marks)
2.2
a. Translate the following statements into predicate logic and explain your translation process:1. All students who study hard pass the exam.2. Some students do not like mathematics.3. Every teacher teaches at least one subject.In your answer, clearly define the domain, predicates, and quantifiers used.Also, discuss the importance of correct formalization in predicate logic.(10 Marks)
b. Translate the following predicate logic expressions into clear natural language statements:1. ∀x(Human(x)→Mortal(x))2. ∃x(Cat(x)∧Black(x))3. ¬∃x(Student(x)∧Tall(x))Then explain the meaning of each sentence and how negations and quantifiers are interpreted in natural language. (10 Marks)
2.1
Figure 2.1: Experts system
Discuss the working mechanism of an expert system as illustrated in the diagram.Your answer should include:
i. The process of receiving input and producing output.
- The role of the inference engine (rules engine) in reasoning and decision-making.
- A comparison between forward chaining and backward chaining as inference methods.
- An example where a rule-based approach helps in solving a complex problem (e.g., troubleshooting a technical issue). (20 Marks)
1.3.Design an intelligent agent to manage a smart home system (e.g., regulating temperature, lights, and security).Your design should include:
•The agent’s goal(s)(5 Marks)
•Input/output mechanisms (sensors and actuators)(5 Marks)
•Internal architecture (e.g., rule-based, learning-based)(5 Marks)
•How it handles conflicting or uncertain inputs (5 Marks)
1.2. Evaluate the relevance of the Turing Test in modern AI by:
• Describing the original purpose and structure of the Turing Test.
• Assessing its effectiveness as a measure of machine intelligence today. (10 Marks)
1.1. Identify and explain three core problem-solving methods used in classical AI (e.g., search algorithms, knowledge representation, reasoning). Illustrate your explanation with examples (10 Marks)
Question 2 (20 marks)
2.1 Farmers use expert systems like DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) to optimize crop production.
a. a. How do expert systems assist farmers in predicting weather conditions, soil quality, and irrigation needs?(6 marks)
- What AI techniques are used to provide farming recommendations based on data analysis? (6 marks)
- Discuss the impact of expert systems on sustainable agriculture and how they help increase crop yield (8 marks)
Question 5 (20 MARKS)
a. For each scenario, Online Chess Game, Autonomous Drone Delivery, and Automated Factory Assembly, determine which term from each pair (e.g., Fully Observable or Partially Observable) best describes its environment. If a scenario is Fully Observable, state 'Fully Observable'. If it's Partially Observable, state 'Partially Observable'. If neither term accurately applies, state 'None'.
b. Explain the meaning of each pair of opposing terms (e.g., what does it mean for an environment to be 'Fully Observable' vs. 'Partially Observable'?).
Fill in the table
Feature | Online Chess Game | Autonomous Drone Delivery | Automated Factor Assembly |
Fully Observable/Partially Observable |
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Deterministic / Stochastic
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Episodic / Sequential
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Static / Dynamic
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Discrete / Continuous
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Single agent / Multi-agent
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Question 4 (20 MARKS)
a. What is the main difference between BFS and DFS in terms of traversal technique? What data structures are typically used to implement BFS and DFS? How does the space complexity of BFS compare to that of DFS? ( 7 Marks)
b. How are Preorder, Inorder, and Postorder traversals used in AI for pathfinding and decision-making? ( 4 Marks)
d. Given the following tree structure, what would be the Preorder, Inorder, and Postorder traversal results? (9 Marks)
Question 3 (20 marks)
From the logic circuit above, construct the:
1) Boolean expression in its simplest form using Laws of Boolean Algebra
2) Truth table show all expressions (20 marks)