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Bahasa Inggris XII TKJ 1&3, XII RPL 1,2&4, XII PSPT 1&2
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Norma sosial adalah aturan sosial implisit yang mengatur perilaku dalam suatu komunitas. Norma tidak ditetapkan secara langsung; melainkan berkembang seiring waktu seiring orang menjalani perilaku sehari-hari, merasakan reaksi orang lain terhadap perilaku tersebut, dan mengamati apa yang dilakukan orang lain. Norma sosial berbeda-beda, bergantung pada kelompok orang, komunitas, atau budaya. Apa yang dianggap sepenuhnya normal, bahkan mengagumkan, dalam satu kelompok mungkin tidak disetujui di kelompok lain (misalnya, kantor di mana pakaian kasual dianggap normal vs. kantor di mana setiap orang wajib mengenakan jas). Menurut psikolog Robert Cialdini, orang terus-menerus mencari "bukti sosial" untuk memandu perilaku mereka sendiri. Mereka mencari petunjuk tentang apa yang dilakukan orang lain untuk memahami perilaku yang tepat dalam situasi tertentu. Bukti sosial tentang apa yang dapat diterima merupakan panduan yang sangat ampuh untuk berperilaku ketika situasinya ambigu atau baru. Terkait norma sosial, salah satu tantangan besar yang kita hadapi adalah menciptakan budaya berkelanjutan di mana begitu banyak tindakan tidak berkelanjutan dianggap normal dan bahkan sesuatu yang harus diperjuangkan: mengemudi sendiri, tinggal di rumah yang sangat besar, makan makanan yang telah menempuh perjalanan jauh, makan daging di setiap waktu makan, memiliki halaman rumput hijau bebas gulma, dan terus-menerus berbelanja barang-barang konsumen baru. Perilaku berkelanjutan, seperti membeli barang bekas atau mandi sebentar, di sisi lain, sering dianggap berstatus lebih rendah atau tidak diinginkan. Norma sosial menciptakan peluang untuk perubahan; untuk satu hal, norma-norma tersebut dinamis dan terus bergeser (pikirkan saja tren mode). Tujuan bagi kita yang ingin mewujudkan masyarakat yang lebih berkelanjutan adalah dengan cepat membawa perilaku berkelanjutan ke ranah yang normal, dapat diterima, dan sesuatu yang dicita-citakan orang. Bagaimana kita mencapai ini? Kita perlu memberi orang bukti, bukti sosial, bahwa perilaku berkelanjutan dapat diterima dan diinginkan.
(Diadaptasi dari: https://www.pca.state.mn.us/sites/default/files/p-ee1-01.pdf ) Menurut penulis, bagaimana perilaku berkelanjutan dapat diterima dan diinginkan?
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The green movement is catching on in many pockets of the world. This is especially true in the construction industry. Today's buzz words, which include global warming and zero mission, are causing everyday people to look for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing environmentally friendly property is a good investment for those who are concerned about their own health and the well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco-communities. Its goal is to become the world's first zero emissions neighborhood.Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation, and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Interior and exterior building materials, such as paints and wood, are natural and non-toxic. Eco conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it is durable and does not require pesticides to grow. Energy efficiency is one of the top priorities in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not only do energy efficient appliances and light fixtures reduce the environmental impact of heating and hot water, they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that home owners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada. Though they are sharing space by investing in condo-style living, residents will have individual utility meters. Studies show that people use approximately 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. In addition, water is 4 treated at Dockside Green and reused on site for flushing toilets. Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the future into account. Dockside Green will reuse 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce emissions. Dockside residents will be encouraged to make use of a mini transit system and buy into the community's car share program. Finally, plans are in the works for a high-tech heating system that will use renewable biomass instead of fossil fuels. (adapted from: https://tx.english-ch.com/teacher/lyn/ level-c/ecocommunities-green/)
Which of the following best restates the sentence ‘The green movement is catching on in many pockets of the world.' In line 1?
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Social norms are the implicit social rules that govern behavior within a community. Norms are not directly established; instead, they develop over time as people go about their daily behaviors, sense people's reactions to those behaviors, and observe what other people are doing. Social norms differ, depending on the group of people, community, or culture. What is considered fully normal, even admirable, in one group may be met with disapproval in another (e.g., offices where casual dress is normal vs. offices where everyone must wear a suit). According to psychologist Robert Cialdini, people are constantly looking for "social proof" to guide their own behavior. They look for clues to what other people are doing in order to understand the appropriate behavior in a given situation. Social proof of what is acceptable is a particularly powerful guide to behavior when the situation is ambiguous or new. In relation to social norms, one of the big challenges we face is creating a sustainable culture where so many unsustainable actions are considered perfectly normal and even something to strive for: driving alone, living in a very large home, eating foods that have traveled long distances, eating meat at every meal, having a weed-free green grass lawn, and continuously shopping for new consumer goods. Sustainable behaviors, such as buying second hand or taking short showers, on the other hand, are often seen as lower or undesirable in status. Social norms create opportunities for change; for one thing, they are dynamic and constantly shifting (just think about fashion trends). The goal for those of us who want to bring about a more sustainable society is to quickly bring sustainable behaviors into the realm of normal, acceptable one, and something people aspire to. How do we accomplish this? We need to give people evidence, social proof, that sustainable behavior is acceptable and desirable.
(Adapted from: https://www.pca.state.mn.us/sites/ default/files/ p-ee1-01.pdf)The passage is mainly concerned with ….
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The green movement is catching on in many pockets of the world. This is especially true in the construction industry. Today's buzz words, which include global warming and zero mission, are causing everyday people to look for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing environmentally friendly property is a good investment for those who are concerned about their own health and the well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco-communities. Its goal is to become the world's first zero emissions neighborhood.Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation, and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Interior and exterior building materials, such as paints and wood, are natural and non-toxic. Eco conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it is durable and does not require pesticides to grow. Energy efficiency is one of the top priorities in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not only do energy efficient appliances and light fixtures reduce the environmental impact of heating and hot water, they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that home owners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada. Though they are sharing space by investing in condo-style living, residents will have individual utility meters. Studies show that people use approximately 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. In addition, water is 4 treated at Dockside Green and reused on site for flushing toilets. Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the future into account. Dockside Green will reuse 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce emissions. Dockside residents will be encouraged to make use of a mini transit system and buy into the community's car share program. Finally, plans are in the works for a high-tech heating system that will use renewable biomass instead of fossil fuels. (adapted from: https://tx.english-ch.com/teacher/lyn/ level-c/ecocommunities-green/)
The false idea that the author may hold about Dockside Green is that ….
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Technology tools can help educators make and strengthen home - school connections. With technology as a means of sharing information and communicating with one another, early childhood educators have an opportunity to build stronger relationships with parents. Early childhood educators always have had a responsibility to support parents and families by sharing knowledge about child development and learning. Technology tools such as smartphones, mobile devices, and apps offer affordable ways for busy family members to communicate with their child's teachers and caregivers. Internet-based communication tools offer new opportunities for video calling and conferencing when face-to-face meetings are not possible; it can connect children to other family members who live at a distance. Educators have a responsibility to parents and families to model effective uses of technology, media, and social media that are safe, responsible, and ethical. Teachers can use digital portfolios that include photographs as well as audio and video recordings to archive a child's accomplishments and developmental progression with families in face-toface conferences, or through social media tools. Displaying photos in the classroom of children's drawings or block buildings can help families understand the critical role of play in early childhood development. Sending weekly, monthly, or even daily updates through social media or e-mail can help families feel more connected. Inviting children to take a picture of something they have done and helping them upload the photo to a file that can be e-mailed also contribute to their learning more about the functions of reading and writing. Most educators understand the value of writing down by using e-mail, educational texting, or other communication tools. This activity demonstrates the concept about communication and helps to build digital literacy skills at the same time. If information is stored on a computer, the photos and notes can be printed and given to families. Modelling the effective use of technology and interactive media for parent communication and family engagement also creates opportunities to help parents themselves become better informed, empowers them to make responsible choices about technology use and screen time at home, engages them as teachers encourage co-viewing , co-participation, and joint media engagement.(Adapted from: https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/ files/globally-shared/ downloads/PDFs/resources/
The author holds an assumption that ….
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The green movement is catching on in many pockets of the world. This is especially true in the construction industry. Today's buzz words, which include global warming and zero mission, are causing everyday people to look for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing environmentally friendly property is a good investment for those who are concerned about their own health and the well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco-communities. Its goal is to become the world's first zero emissions neighborhood.Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation, and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Interior and exterior building materials, such as paints and wood, are natural and non-toxic. Eco conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it is durable and does not require pesticides to grow. Energy efficiency is one of the top priorities in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not only do energy efficient appliances and light fixtures reduce the environmental impact of heating and hot water, they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that home owners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada. Though they are sharing space by investing in condo-style living, residents will have individual utility meters. Studies show that people use approximately 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. In addition, water is 4 treated at Dockside Green and reused on site for flushing toilets. Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the future into account. Dockside Green will reuse 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce emissions. Dockside residents will be encouraged to make use of a mini transit system and buy into the community's car share program. Finally, plans are in the works for a high-tech heating system that will use renewable biomass instead of fossil fuels. (adapted from: https://tx.english-ch.com/teacher/lyn/ level-c/ecocommunities-green/)By saying ‘Today's buzz words, which include global warming and zero/emissions, are causing everyday people to look for ways to reduce their carbon footprint.' in lines 2-3, the author implies that ….
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Norma sosial adalah aturan sosial implisit yang mengatur perilaku dalam suatu komunitas. Norma tidak ditetapkan secara langsung; melainkan berkembang seiring waktu seiring orang menjalani perilaku sehari-hari, merasakan reaksi orang lain terhadap perilaku tersebut, dan mengamati apa yang dilakukan orang lain. Norma sosial berbeda-beda, bergantung pada kelompok orang, komunitas, atau budaya. Apa yang dianggap sepenuhnya normal, bahkan mengagumkan, dalam satu kelompok mungkin tidak disetujui di kelompok lain (misalnya, kantor di mana pakaian kasual dianggap normal vs. kantor di mana setiap orang wajib mengenakan jas). Menurut psikolog Robert Cialdini, orang terus-menerus mencari "bukti sosial" untuk memandu perilaku mereka sendiri. Mereka mencari petunjuk tentang apa yang dilakukan orang lain untuk memahami perilaku yang tepat dalam situasi tertentu. Bukti sosial tentang apa yang dapat diterima merupakan panduan yang sangat ampuh untuk berperilaku ketika situasinya ambigu atau baru. Terkait norma sosial, salah satu tantangan besar yang kita hadapi adalah menciptakan budaya berkelanjutan di mana begitu banyak tindakan tidak berkelanjutan dianggap normal dan bahkan sesuatu yang harus diperjuangkan: mengemudi sendiri, tinggal di rumah yang sangat besar, makan makanan yang telah menempuh perjalanan jauh, makan daging di setiap waktu makan, memiliki halaman rumput hijau bebas gulma, dan terus-menerus berbelanja barang-barang konsumen baru. Perilaku berkelanjutan, seperti membeli barang bekas atau mandi sebentar, di sisi lain, sering dianggap berstatus lebih rendah atau tidak diinginkan. Norma sosial menciptakan peluang untuk perubahan; untuk satu hal, norma-norma tersebut dinamis dan terus bergeser (pikirkan saja tren mode). Tujuan bagi kita yang ingin mewujudkan masyarakat yang lebih berkelanjutan adalah dengan cepat membawa perilaku berkelanjutan ke ranah yang normal, dapat diterima, dan sesuatu yang dicita-citakan orang. Bagaimana kita mencapai ini? Kita perlu memberi orang bukti, bukti sosial, bahwa perilaku berkelanjutan dapat diterima dan diinginkan.
(Diadaptasi dari: https://www.pca.state.mn.us/sites/default/files/p-ee1-01.pdf ) Berdasarkan teks, kata disapproval pada baris 5 berarti ….
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Technology tools can help educators make and strengthen home - school connections. With technology as a means of sharing information and communicating with one another, early childhood educators have an opportunity to build stronger relationships with parents. Early childhood educators always have had a responsibility to support parents and families by sharing knowledge about child development and learning. Technology tools such as smartphones, mobile devices, and apps offer affordable ways for busy family members to communicate with their child's teachers and caregivers. Internet-based communication tools offer new opportunities for video calling and conferencing when face-to-face meetings are not possible; it can connect children to other family members who live at a distance. Educators have a responsibility to parents and families to model effective uses of technology, media, and social media that are safe, responsible, and ethical. Teachers can use digital portfolios that include photographs as well as audio and video recordings to archive a child's accomplishments and developmental progression with families in face-toface conferences, or through social media tools. Displaying photos in the classroom of children's drawings or block buildings can help families understand the critical role of play in early childhood development. Sending weekly, monthly, or even daily updates through social media or e-mail can help families feel more connected. Inviting children to take a picture of something they have done and helping them upload the photo to a file that can be e-mailed also contribute to their learning more about the functions of reading and writing. Most educators understand the value of writing down by using e-mail, educational texting, or other communication tools. This activity demonstrates the concept about communication and helps to build digital literacy skills at the same time. If information is stored on a computer, the photos and notes can be printed and given to families. Modelling the effective use of technology and interactive media for parent communication and family engagement also creates opportunities to help parents themselves become better informed, empowers them to make responsible choices about technology use and screen time at home, engages them as teachers encourage co-viewing , co-participation, and joint media engagement.(Adapted from: https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/ files/globally-shared/ downloads/PDFs/resources/ The author will apparently agree that ….
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Technology tools can help educators make and strengthen home - school connections. With technology as a means of sharing information and communicating with one another, early childhood educators have an opportunity to build stronger relationships with parents. Early childhood educators always have had a responsibility to support parents and families by sharing knowledge about child development and learning. Technology tools such as smartphones, mobile devices, and apps offer affordable ways for busy family members to communicate with their child's teachers and caregivers. Internet-based communication tools offer new opportunities for video calling and conferencing when face-to-face meetings are not possible; it can connect children to other family members who live at a distance. Educators have a responsibility to parents and families to model effective uses of technology, media, and social media that are safe, responsible, and ethical. Teachers can use digital portfolios that include photographs as well as audio and video recordings to archive a child's accomplishments and developmental progression with families in face-toface conferences, or through social media tools. Displaying photos in the classroom of children's drawings or block buildings can help families understand the critical role of play in early childhood development. Sending weekly, monthly, or even daily updates through social media or e-mail can help families feel more connected. Inviting children to take a picture of something they have done and helping them upload the photo to a file that can be e-mailed also contribute to their learning more about the functions of reading and writing. Most educators understand the value of writing down by using e-mail, educational texting, or other communication tools. This activity demonstrates the concept about communication and helps to build digital literacy skills at the same time. If information is stored on a computer, the photos and notes can be printed and given to families. Modelling the effective use of technology and interactive media for parent communication and family engagement also creates opportunities to help parents themselves become better informed, empowers them to make responsible choices about technology use and screen time at home, engages them as teachers encourage co-viewing , co-participation, and joint media engagement.(Adapted from: https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/ files/globally-shared/ downloads/PDFs/resources/ How are ideas in paragraphs 1 and 2 related?
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Perangkat teknologi dapat membantu para pendidik membangun dan memperkuat hubungan antara rumah dan sekolah. Dengan teknologi sebagai sarana berbagi informasi dan berkomunikasi satu sama lain, para pendidik anak usia dini memiliki kesempatan untuk membangun hubungan yang lebih kuat dengan orang tua. Para pendidik anak usia dini selalu memiliki tanggung jawab untuk mendukung orang tua dan keluarga dengan berbagi pengetahuan tentang perkembangan dan pembelajaran anak. Perangkat teknologi seperti ponsel pintar, perangkat seluler, dan aplikasi menawarkan cara yang terjangkau bagi anggota keluarga yang sibuk untuk berkomunikasi dengan guru dan pengasuh anak mereka. Perangkat komunikasi berbasis internet menawarkan peluang baru untuk panggilan video dan konferensi ketika pertemuan tatap muka tidak memungkinkan; perangkat ini dapat menghubungkan anak-anak dengan anggota keluarga lain yang tinggal berjauhan. Para pendidik memiliki tanggung jawab kepada orang tua dan keluarga untuk menjadi contoh penggunaan teknologi, media, dan media sosial yang efektif, aman, bertanggung jawab, dan etis. Guru dapat menggunakan portofolio digital yang mencakup foto serta rekaman audio dan video untuk mengarsipkan pencapaian dan perkembangan anak dengan keluarga dalam konferensi tatap muka, atau melalui perangkat media sosial. Memamerkan foto gambar anak-anak atau bangunan balok di kelas dapat membantu keluarga memahami peran penting bermain dalam perkembangan anak usia dini. Mengirimkan informasi mingguan, bulanan, atau bahkan harian melalui media sosial atau surel dapat membantu keluarga merasa lebih terhubung. Mengajak anak-anak untuk mengambil foto sesuatu yang telah mereka lakukan dan membantu mereka mengunggah foto tersebut ke berkas yang dapat dikirim melalui surel juga berkontribusi pada pembelajaran mereka lebih lanjut tentang fungsi membaca dan menulis. Sebagian besar pendidik memahami pentingnya menulis dengan menggunakan surel, pesan teks edukatif, atau alat komunikasi lainnya. Kegiatan ini menunjukkan konsep komunikasi dan sekaligus membantu membangun keterampilan literasi digital. Jika informasi disimpan di komputer, foto dan catatan dapat dicetak dan diberikan kepada keluarga. Memodelkan penggunaan teknologi dan media interaktif yang efektif untuk komunikasi orang tua dan keterlibatan keluarga juga menciptakan peluang untuk membantu orang tua menjadi lebih terinformasi, memberdayakan mereka untuk membuat pilihan yang bertanggung jawab tentang penggunaan teknologi dan waktu layar di rumah, serta melibatkan mereka saat guru mendorong menonton bersama, berpartisipasi bersama, dan keterlibatan media bersama. ( Diadaptasi dari: https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/
Paragraf mana yang menggambarkan penggunaan teknologi dan media yang efektif untuk memberikan informasi kepada orang tua tentang apa yang terjadi di kelas?
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