states there is no history of trauma but mentions she had a history of sickle cell disease. On physical

examination, her upper part of the right shin is very painful, red, swollen, and hot. Her temperature

is 39.2C. An X-ray shows focal bony lysis and loss of trabecular architecture in the metaphysis of the

right tibia. Increased activity of which of the following cells is the most likely cause of bone

reabsorption in this patient?

are to ensure an adequate physiological response and to defend the body against infectious agents

and other unintended invasions. What system has such functions?

developed an autoimmune renal injury. The urine was found to contain macromolecular proteins.

What process of urine formation was disturbed?

tunics. Diagnostic puncture was performed between the arches of the lumbar vertebras. During the

puncture the needle went through the following ligament:

in the lungs?

enlarged, dense, pale gray kidneys with a shiny, sebaceous surface on section. What pathology can be

suspected, based on the revealed changes?

has resulted in the development of twins?

she has still not had a menstrual period. However, she is otherwise a healthy girl with no significant

medical problems since birth. On physical examination, her vital signs are stable. She does not have

pubic hair and her breast is slightly elevated with areola remaining in contour with surrounding breast.

Which of the following is the most likely cause of this abnormal physical development?