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Elective_2nd year_Step 1_med

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What type of paralysis does a

68-year-old woman have if she is unable to move her upper and lower right

extremities following a stroke, with increased muscle tone and reflexes, along

with the presence of pathological reflexes?

      

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A 62-year-old patient in critical condition was

admitted to the neurological department due to cerebral hemorrhage. His breathing was initially deep and frequent, but

then it decreased to apnea, followed by a repetition of this cycle.  What respiration type did the patient develop? 

      

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Double-walled oval and round organelles are seen. The

outer membrane is smooth, while the inner membrane is folded forming cristae

with ATP synthase. These are:  

     

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The energy

expenditure of a boy increased from 500 to 2000 kJ within an hour. What could

be the cause of such changes? 

     

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A patient's blood plasma analysis shows elevated levels of Lactate

Dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes, specifically LDH-1 and LDH-2. What is the most

likely diagnosis?

     

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During an outbreak of acute respiratory infections, a rapid diagnostic

test is performed so as to detect specific influenza viral antigens in a

nasopharyngeal lavage sample. Which diagnostic method is used?

 

            

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After

delivering a baby, a woman developed purulent endometritis. In addition to

ineffective treatment with antibiotics and murein synthesis inhibitors, she was

administered a wide-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic. Within 6 hours, the

temperature rapidly increased up to 40,0

º

C with shivers as well as muscle aches. 

Her BP dropped to 70/40 mmHg and she developed oliguria. What is the

main reason why the condition developed? 

            

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After the

tourniquet application, a punctate hemorrhage appeared on the skin surface.

Which blood cells are dysfunctional in this case?

 

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In the

experiment on an animal, the middle part of the cochlea in the internal ear was

destroyed. It led to abnormalities of the sound perception in the following

frequencies:

               

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The person has

decreased diuresis, hypernatremia, and hypokalemia. Which hormone is

hypersecreted to cause such changes?

                  

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