810 pps.

308 pps.

405 pps.

782 pps.

SHF.

VHF.

VLF.

HF .

Aircraft's position in three dimensions from at least 4 available satellites and one on-board inertial system.

Accuracy of the computed aircraft position based on input from at least one ground-based radio transmitter.

Predicted positions of GNSS satellites to ensure that the required Geometric Dilution Of Precision (GDOP) willbe available at all times.

Integrity of the GNSS navigation signals using only GPS signals or GPS signals augmented with altitude.

Manually, by inserting the geographical coordinates, in response to an ATC clearance.

By deleting or inserting waypoints in the navigation database or manually by inserting rho/theta values of thenew waypoint.

Manually, by inserting range and bearing to a new waypoint, in response to an ATC clearance.

By inserting or deleting waypoints in the database, in response to an ATC clearance.

Figure B

Figure C

Figure A

Figure D

(1) provides coded replies; (2) of its naturally higher transmission power.

(1) enables the controller to have a more organised display; (2) it uses lonerg interrogation pulses.

(1) collects more data; (2) of the active participation of the aircraft's transponder

(1) uses smaller aerials; (2) it operates at higher frequencies.

Vertical navigation

Lateral navigation.

Lateral & Vertical navigation.

Full 3D navigation.

2 and 4

1 and 3

2 and 3

1 and 4

Receivers from various manufacturers are operated in parallel to reduce the characteristic receiver noise error.

The difference between signals transmitted on the L1 and L2 frequencies are processed by the receiver todetermine an error correction.

Signals from satellites are received by 2 different antennas which are located a fixed distance apart. Thisenables a suitable receiver on the aircraft to recoanise and correct for multipath errors.

Fixed ground stations compute position errors and transmit correction data to a suitable receiver on theaircraft.

contains an up-to-date WGS-84 model.

is valid for the current AIRAC cycle.

is updated by NOTAMs via ACARS.

contains the latest GPS navigation message