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Pathophysiology для General Medicine

Pathophysiology для General Medicine

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The initial stage of cell damage in low blood supply is

activation of free radical lipid peroxidation

DNA mutation

dysfunction of mitochondria and energy processes

activation of membrane phospholipases

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Match the characteristics with the type of cell death

initiates inflammation in surrounding tissue

initiated by a pathogenic factor of exogenous origin

controlled by the genome

initiated by the effect of TNF-α

cell destruction occurs due to the enzymes caspase and endonuclease

cell destruction occurs due to lysosomes enzymes

no reactive inflammation

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Specify the karyotype corresponding to Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome

47, XX +21

47, XXY

47, XXX

45, XO

100%

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Indicate the changes in organs that occur during adaptation to hypoxia

number of functioning capillaries

red blood cell count

lactate in the blood

lung alveolar surface area

sensitivity of blood vessels to vasoconstrictors

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Acholia is the absence of bile

in the blood

in the intestines

in the lymph

in urine

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Specify the typical fat metabolism disorder during liver failure

increased fatty acid oxidation

increased synthesis of low-density lipoproteins

decreased formation of ketone bodies

increased synthesis of high-density lipoproteins

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Pyuria is

decrease in the relative density of urine

excretion of leukocytes in the urine (more than 200 per field of view)

the appearance of red blood cells in the urine

the appearance of a significant amount of protein in the urine

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The consequences of decreased glomerular filtration rate are

overhydration of the body

✅

increased formation of primary urine

❌

the appearance of granular and waxy casts in the urine

❌

proteinuria

❌

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End-stage chronic kidney disease is characterized by

hypernatremia , hypohydration , acidosis

progressive azotemia, overhydration

hyponatremia , hypohydration

hypoglycemia, blood hypoosmolarity

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Which of the following breaks protein down into peptides?

Amylase

Peptidase

Trypsin

Lactase

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