Part C. Bonus Question (2 points)

·      

Identify

at least one way that Gram-positive bacteria

and Gram-negative bacteria are more susceptible to

being killed, excluding penicillin

(e.g., desiccation or another microbial control method discussed in Chapter 7).

·      

For

each type, explain the structural or physiological reason

that makes them more susceptible.

Part B. Brief Answers, Choose 5 out of 6 to answer. If you answer all 6, the last question will automatically be skipped for grading. 5 points each, 25 points in total.

1, Compare

prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes in the following aspects:

• DNA location and organization – Where

  is DNA found? Is it circular or linear?

•  

  Membrane-bound organelles – Which

  organelles are present or absent?

•  

  Shared vs. different structures –

  Which structures do both have Which are unique? Give at least one example.

•  

  Size and complexity – How do their

  sizes and levels of complexity compare?

•  

  Examples of organisms – Give at least

  one example of a prokaryote and one eukaryote.

2,

Based on the figure above

showing bacterial growth in a solid medium tube, describe the

•  Name the microbial type

  (e.g., obligate aerobe, facultative

  anaerobe, etc).

•  Explain the growth pattern

  (where in the tube they grow and

  why).

•  Discuss the effect of oxygen

  (Is oxygen toxic? Can they use oxygen

  for aerobic respiration? Do they rely on fermentation instead?).

a,

b,

c,

d,

e,

Brief

Answers

3,  Select two microbial categories

(e.g., obligate anaerobes,

thermophiles, facultative anaerobes, halophiles, etc.). For each category:

•   Identify

  two microbial control methods that are most

  effective

  and

  explain whether they:

o   Kill the microbes (gemicidal),

o  

Control or inhibit their growth (germistatic),

or

o   Remove them mechanically.

•   Identify

  two microbial control methods that are least

  effective

  and

  explain why they fail to kill, inhibit, or remove the microbes.

•   

  You may not use the same control

  method more than once across both categories.

•   Be briefly (2–3 sentences per method).

4, 

Explain the differences

between

•  Define the process in your own words.
• Provide one real-world example of how to do it, its effectiveness (whether the method kills, inhibits, or reduces microbes) and when it would be most appropriately applied

  (e.g., in healthcare, food service,

  laboratory, or daily life).

The

chemical composition of the cell walls of bacteria are responsible for the

shape of the bacteria and the differences in the Gram stain reaction.

Which of the following methods is the best

choice to sterilize heat-labile solutions?

Brief Answers. Choose 5 out of the 6 questions to answer. If you answer all 6, the last question will automatically be skipped for grading. 5 points each, 25 points in total.

5, Compare and contrast cellular respiration and

fermentation

of glucose

•   For cellular respiration

  ,

  describe its three main steps, including the

  reactants, products,

  basic function, and location

  of each step.
•   For fermentation

  ,

  describe the general process, its

  products

  ,

  and provide at least

  two examples of organisms

  that are capable of fermentation.

•   Explain which pathway yields more energy.

6, Compare and contrast Gram-positive and Gram-negative

bacteria. In your answer:

•   Gram Stain Response

o  

o  

•   

  Similarities and

  Differences

o  

•   

  Antibiotic

  Susceptibility

o  

Enzymes

are:

An isolated colony on a streak plate contains millions of identical

cells which arose from one initial cell

ATP molecules are created from catabolic pathways and consumed in anabolic pathways in living cells.