A 25-year-old woman has a positive pregnancy

test based on the detection of the human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) hormone

in her urine. To be sure, she visits her gynaecologist the next day and asks

him to confirm the pregnancy with the help of blood tests, which are also based

on the determination of the value of this hormone in the blood. hCG is a

specific hormone that is present in the body only during pregnancy (except a

few specific pathological conditions). Choose correct statement about the

tissue that produces hCG during pregnancy?

A

51-year-old man with six children comes in for a vasectomy. In this outpatient

procedure, the lateral wall of the scrotum is opened under local anaesthesia and

a portion of the ductus deferens is excised. The free ends are clipped or

sutured and the scrotum is closed. As part of a normal histological description

of the removed portion, the report would certainly describe the presence of

what structure?

An investigator is conducting a study to document the histological

changes in the respiratory passages of a chronic smoker. He obtains multiple

biopsy samples from the respiratory system of a previously

healthy 25-year-old man. Histological examination of one sample

shows simple cuboidal cells with club cells and with a surrounding layer of smooth muscle. 

Rare Disease Day is observed every year on 28

February (or 29 in leap years). On this day, you will be given the task of

introducing the so-called Pasqualini syndrome or fertile eunuchoidism. This is

an isolated deficiency of luteinizing hormone (LH). The disorder can be caused

by a secretion disorder in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. So only LH

secretion is reduced. Your presentation goes well, but at the end one of the

audience members has an additional question for you. Which cells in the testes

are most affected by the lack of this hormone?

A 35-year-old man notices a lump in the front of

his testicle. He says the lump is not painful. Biopsy reveals that it is a

malignant testicular tumour. The tumour is removed, including clear margins

that contain normal testicular tissue. Which of the following will be present

in the sample taken?

The 63-year-old patient came

to the doctor due to a dry cough lasting for many months, accompanied by

shortness of breath on exertion and fatigue. In addition, he had recently lost

a lot of weight. On physical examination, crepitus (a specific listening

phenomenon - like unzipping a Velcro strap) is present in the lungs. Decreased

oxygen saturation is also measured. In addition, the patient has typical mallet-shaped

fingers with clubbing nails in the shape of an hour glass. To confirm the

diagnosis suspected by his physician, a HRCT of the lungs (high-resolution CT

scan) is required, followed by a lung biopsy and histological examination of

the sample taken. The examination confirm the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary

fibrosis. It is probably a uniform pathological response of lung tissue to

infectious and non-infectious agents, but the cause of this disease is unknown.

In this disease, fibrosis and thickening of the blood-air barrier occurs. What

physiologically forms the blood-air barrier?

A 24-year-old woman recently

found out she was pregnant, probably in her 5th or 6th week of pregnancy. She

suddenly feels a sharp pain in her lower abdomen and the pain steadily worsens

over a period of minutes, and she begins to develop symptoms of shock. She is

immediately taken to hospital where it is found that her fallopian tube has

ruptured as a result of an ectopic pregnancy. This condition is very serious

and threatens a woman´s life. The patient is immediately operated and the

ruptured fallopian tube is completely removed. What is the outer surface of the

fallopian tube covered with?