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Special Histology for Dental Medicine
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During the stay in the maternity hospital, the newborn has a problem. The meconium does not pass (meconium is the first content of the intestine to be passed during the first 1-2 days). After examination, the so-called Hirschsprung disease is proven. This disease is caused by abnormal innervation of the intestine, affecting the internal anal sphincter and various lengths of adjacent colon. Both the plexus submucosus Meissneri are absent in the affected section of bowel. The aganglionic section is permanently contracted (lacking inhibitory neurons) and causes functional obstruction. The healthy intestine above it dilates and hypertrophies to form megacolons. Where would we locate the plexus myentericus within the wall?
A 46-year-old female patient is found to be anemic during a preventive taking of blood. Despite a healthy and varied diet, which the patient claims to follow, other findings in her blood count, such as the presence of large erythrocytes (megalocytes) and low levels of vitamin B12, make it look like anemia based on a deficiency of this very important vitamin. Therefore, if the patient is taking enough of it in her diet, the problem is likely to be in its absorption in the digestive system. In order for this vitamin to be absorbed from the digestive tract into the blood, it must be bound to an intrinsic factor in the stomach. Indeed, antibodies to intrinsic factor have been demonstrated in this patient. Which cells of the gastric glands produce this factor?
A 22-year-old patient presents for a colonoscopy to confirm a diagnosis of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. He has been suffering from crampy abdominal pain with watery diarrhea with admixture of blood and mucus for several weeks. During the endoscopy, a typical picture of mucosal damage by these autoimmune inflammations is described and a biopsy is taken for histological examination, which finally establishes the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is a rare autoimmune type of inflammation of the digestive system that typically affects the mucosa and submucosa of the rectum and colon. Which of the descriptions offered describes the normal appearance of the colonic mucosa?
A 36-year-old man presents with abdominal pain and gastroesophageal reflux (connected with heartburn). An endoscopic exam reveals gastric ulcers. A serum analysis reveals increased levels of gastrin, a hormone that stimulates the release of gastric acid from the parietal cells of gastric glands. Which of the following cell types is the source of the hormone?
A younger colleague asks you for advice. He received an insufficiently labeled sample from an intestinal biopsy. The presence of which cells will best tell him whether it is a small or large intestine?
A 69-year-old alcoholic presents to a GP for a range of complaints including dyspepsia (feeling full after eating, poor digestion), fatigue, weakness, exhaustion, lack of appetite, weight loss, abdominal distension, swelling, arthralgia, and spinal pain. Even a physical examination revealing hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), spider angioma, and ascites (presence of fluid in the abdominal cavity) suggests that the patient is suffering from cirrhosis. This is confirmed by laboratory, sonography, and biopsy. Liver cirrhosis is the remodelling of the lobular structure of the liver into a nodular structure due to the disappearance of hepatocytes, replacement by connective tissue and nodule formation as a result of chronic liver disease. Ito cells play an important role in this remodelling process. Where would we find most of these cells?
A 59-year-old lifelong alcoholic man presents with fever and abdominal pain that radiates to his back. A physical exam reveals that his abdomen is tender in the midline between the bottom of his ribs and his umbilicus. Blood tests reveal elevated levels of pancreatic enzymes, and ultrasound suggests inflammation of the pancreas or pancreatitis. The elevated pancreatic enzymes are from which of the following cell types?
A 69-year-old alcoholic presents to a GP for a range of complaints including dyspepsia (feeling full after eating, poor digestion), fatigue, weakness, exhaustion, lack of appetite, weight loss, abdominal distension, swelling, arthralgia, and spinal pain. Even a physical examination revealing hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), spider angioma, and ascites (presence of fluid in the abdominal cavity) suggests that the patient is suffering from cirrhosis. This is confirmed by laboratory, sonography, and biopsy. Liver cirrhosis is the remodelling of the lobular structure of the liver into a nodular structure due to the disappearance of hepatocytes, replacement by connective tissue and nodule formation as a result of chronic liver disease. Ito cells play an important role in this remodelling process. Where would we find most of these cells?
A 59-year-old lifelong alcoholic man presents with fever and abdominal pain that radiates to his back. A physical exam reveals that his abdomen is tender in the midline between the bottom of his ribs and his umbilicus. Blood tests reveal elevated levels of pancreatic enzymes, and ultrasound suggests inflammation of the pancreas or pancreatitis. The elevated pancreatic enzymes are from which of the following cell types?
A 59-year-old lifelong alcoholic man presents with fever and abdominal pain that radiates to his back. A physical exam reveals that his abdomen is tender in the midline between the bottom of his ribs and his umbilicus. Blood tests reveal elevated levels of pancreatic enzymes, and ultrasound suggests inflammation of the pancreas or pancreatitis. The elevated pancreatic enzymes are from which of the following cell types?